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https://w.atwiki.jp/touhoukashi/pages/4659.html
【登録タグ 】 【注意】 現在、このページはJavaScriptの利用が一時制限されています。この表示状態ではトラック情報が正しく表示されません。 この問題は、以下のいずれかが原因となっています。 ページがAMP表示となっている ウィキ内検索からページを表示している これを解決するには、こちらをクリックし、ページを通常表示にしてください。 /** General styling **/ @font-face { font-family Noto Sans JP ; font-display swap; font-style normal; font-weight 350; src url(https //img.atwikiimg.com/www31.atwiki.jp/touhoukashi/attach/2972/10/NotoSansCJKjp-DemiLight.woff2) format( woff2 ), url(https //img.atwikiimg.com/www31.atwiki.jp/touhoukashi/attach/2972/9/NotoSansCJKjp-DemiLight.woff) format( woff ), url(https //img.atwikiimg.com/www31.atwiki.jp/touhoukashi/attach/2972/8/NotoSansCJKjp-DemiLight.ttf) format( truetype ); } @font-face { font-family Noto Sans JP ; font-display swap; font-style normal; font-weight bold; src url(https //img.atwikiimg.com/www31.atwiki.jp/touhoukashi/attach/2972/13/NotoSansCJKjp-Medium.woff2) format( woff2 ), url(https //img.atwikiimg.com/www31.atwiki.jp/touhoukashi/attach/2972/12/NotoSansCJKjp-Medium.woff) format( woff ), url(https //img.atwikiimg.com/www31.atwiki.jp/touhoukashi/attach/2972/11/NotoSansCJKjp-Medium.ttf) format( truetype ); } rt { font-family Arial, Verdana, Helvetica, sans-serif; } /** Main table styling **/ #trackinfo, #lyrics { font-family Noto Sans JP , sans-serif; font-weight 350; } .track_number { font-family Rockwell; font-weight bold; } .track_number after { content . ; } #track_args, .amp_text { display none; } #trackinfo { position relative; float right; margin 0 0 1em 1em; padding 0.3em; width 320px; border-collapse separate; border-radius 5px; border-spacing 0; background-color #F9F9F9; font-size 90%; line-height 1.4em; } #trackinfo th { white-space nowrap; } #trackinfo th, #trackinfo td { border none !important; } #trackinfo thead th { background-color #D8D8D8; box-shadow 0 -3px #F9F9F9 inset; padding 4px 2.5em 7px; white-space normal; font-size 120%; text-align center; } .trackrow { background-color #F0F0F0; box-shadow 0 2px #F9F9F9 inset, 0 -2px #F9F9F9 inset; } #trackinfo td ul { margin 0; padding 0; list-style none; } #trackinfo li { line-height 16px; } #trackinfo li nth-of-type(n+2) { margin-top 6px; } #trackinfo dl { margin 0; } #trackinfo dt { font-size small; font-weight bold; } #trackinfo dd { margin-left 1.2em; } #trackinfo dd + dt { margin-top .5em; } #trackinfo_help { position absolute; top 3px; right 8px; font-size 80%; } /** Media styling **/ #trackinfo .media th { background-color #D8D8D8; padding 4px 0; font-size 95%; text-align center; } .media td { padding 0 2px; } .media iframe nth-of-type(n+2) { margin-top 0.3em; } .youtube + .nicovideo, .youtube + .soundcloud, .nicovideo + .soundcloud { margin-top 0.75em; } .media_section { display flex; align-items center; text-align center; } .media_section before, .media_section after { display block; flex-grow 1; content ; height 1px; } .media_section before { margin-right 0.5em; background linear-gradient(-90deg, #888, transparent); } .media_section after { margin-left 0.5em; background linear-gradient(90deg, #888, transparent); } .media_notice { color firebrick; font-size 77.5%; } /** Around track styling **/ .next-track { float right; } /** Infomation styling **/ #trackinfo .info_header th { padding .3em .5em; background-color #D8D8D8; font-size 95%; } #trackinfo .infomation_show_btn_wrapper { float right; font-size 12px; user-select none; } #trackinfo .infomation_show_btn { cursor pointer; } #trackinfo .info_content td { padding 0 0 0 5px; height 0; transition .3s; } #trackinfo .info_content ul { padding 0; margin 0; max-height 0; list-style initial; transition .3s; } #trackinfo .info_content li { opacity 0; visibility hidden; margin 0 0 0 1.5em; transition .3s, opacity .2s; } #trackinfo .info_content.infomation_show td { padding 5px; height 100%; } #trackinfo .info_content.infomation_show ul { padding 5px 0; max-height 50em; } #trackinfo .info_content.infomation_show li { opacity 1; visibility visible; } #trackinfo .info_content.infomation_show li nth-of-type(n+2) { margin-top 10px; } /** Lyrics styling **/ #lyrics { font-size 1.06em; line-height 1.6em; } .not_in_card, .inaudible { display inline; position relative; } .not_in_card { border-bottom dashed 1px #D0D0D0; } .tooltip { display flex; visibility hidden; position absolute; top -42.5px; left 0; width 275px; min-height 20px; max-height 100px; padding 10px; border-radius 5px; background-color #555; align-items center; color #FFF; font-size 85%; line-height 20px; text-align center; white-space nowrap; opacity 0; transition 0.7s; -webkit-user-select none; -moz-user-select none; -ms-user-select none; user-select none; } .inaudible .tooltip { top -68.5px; } span hover + .tooltip { visibility visible; top -47.5px; opacity 0.8; transition 0.3s; } .inaudible span hover + .tooltip { top -73.5px; } .not_in_card span.hide { top -42.5px; opacity 0; transition 0.7s; } .inaudible .img { display inline-block; width 3.45em; height 1.25em; margin-right 4px; margin-bottom -3.5px; margin-left 4px; background-image url(https //img.atwikiimg.com/www31.atwiki.jp/touhoukashi/attach/2971/7/Inaudible.png); background-size contain; background-repeat no-repeat; } .not_in_card after, .inaudible .img after { content ; visibility hidden; position absolute; top -8.5px; left 42.5%; border-width 5px; border-style solid; border-color #555 transparent transparent transparent; opacity 0; transition 0.7s; } .not_in_card hover after, .inaudible .img hover after { content ; visibility visible; top -13.5px; left 42.5%; opacity 0.8; transition 0.3s; } .not_in_card after { top -2.5px; left 50%; } .not_in_card hover after { top -7.5px; left 50%; } .not_in_card.hide after { visibility hidden; top -2.5px; opacity 0; transition 0.7s; } /** For mobile device styling **/ .uk-overflow-container { display inline; } #trackinfo.mobile { display table; float none; width 100%; margin auto; margin-bottom 1em; } #trackinfo.mobile th { text-transform none; } #trackinfo.mobile tbody tr not(.media) th { text-align left; background-color unset; } #trackinfo.mobile td { white-space normal; } document.addEventListener( DOMContentLoaded , function() { use strict ; const headers = { title アルバム別曲名 , album アルバム , circle サークル , vocal Vocal , lyric Lyric , chorus Chorus , narrator Narration , rap Rap , voice Voice , whistle Whistle (口笛) , translate Translation (翻訳) , arrange Arrange , artist Artist , bass Bass , cajon Cajon (カホン) , drum Drum , guitar Guitar , keyboard Keyboard , mc MC , mix Mix , piano Piano , sax Sax , strings Strings , synthesizer Synthesizer , trumpet Trumpet , violin Violin , original 原曲 , image_song イメージ曲 }; const rPagename = /(?=^|.*
https://w.atwiki.jp/touhoukashi/pages/4758.html
【登録タグ EastNewSound Lucent Wish M いずみん ネイティブフェイス 曲】 【注意】 現在、このページはJavaScriptの利用が一時制限されています。この表示状態ではトラック情報が正しく表示されません。 この問題は、以下のいずれかが原因となっています。 ページがAMP表示となっている ウィキ内検索からページを表示している これを解決するには、こちらをクリックし、ページを通常表示にしてください。 /** General styling **/ @font-face { font-family Noto Sans JP ; font-display swap; font-style normal; font-weight 350; src url(https //img.atwikiimg.com/www31.atwiki.jp/touhoukashi/attach/2972/10/NotoSansCJKjp-DemiLight.woff2) format( woff2 ), url(https //img.atwikiimg.com/www31.atwiki.jp/touhoukashi/attach/2972/9/NotoSansCJKjp-DemiLight.woff) format( woff ), url(https //img.atwikiimg.com/www31.atwiki.jp/touhoukashi/attach/2972/8/NotoSansCJKjp-DemiLight.ttf) format( truetype ); } @font-face { font-family Noto Sans JP ; font-display swap; font-style normal; font-weight bold; src url(https //img.atwikiimg.com/www31.atwiki.jp/touhoukashi/attach/2972/13/NotoSansCJKjp-Medium.woff2) format( woff2 ), url(https //img.atwikiimg.com/www31.atwiki.jp/touhoukashi/attach/2972/12/NotoSansCJKjp-Medium.woff) format( woff ), url(https //img.atwikiimg.com/www31.atwiki.jp/touhoukashi/attach/2972/11/NotoSansCJKjp-Medium.ttf) format( truetype ); } rt { font-family Arial, Verdana, Helvetica, sans-serif; } /** Main table styling **/ #trackinfo, #lyrics { font-family Noto Sans JP , sans-serif; font-weight 350; } .track_number { font-family Rockwell; font-weight bold; } .track_number after { content . ; } #track_args, .amp_text { display none; } #trackinfo { position relative; float right; margin 0 0 1em 1em; padding 0.3em; width 320px; border-collapse separate; border-radius 5px; border-spacing 0; background-color #F9F9F9; font-size 90%; line-height 1.4em; } #trackinfo th { white-space nowrap; } #trackinfo th, #trackinfo td { border none !important; } #trackinfo thead th { background-color #D8D8D8; box-shadow 0 -3px #F9F9F9 inset; padding 4px 2.5em 7px; white-space normal; font-size 120%; text-align center; } .trackrow { background-color #F0F0F0; box-shadow 0 2px #F9F9F9 inset, 0 -2px #F9F9F9 inset; } #trackinfo td ul { margin 0; padding 0; list-style none; } #trackinfo li { line-height 16px; } #trackinfo li nth-of-type(n+2) { margin-top 6px; } #trackinfo dl { margin 0; } #trackinfo dt { font-size small; font-weight bold; } #trackinfo dd { margin-left 1.2em; } #trackinfo dd + dt { margin-top .5em; } #trackinfo_help { position absolute; top 3px; right 8px; font-size 80%; } /** Media styling **/ #trackinfo .media th { background-color #D8D8D8; padding 4px 0; font-size 95%; text-align center; } .media td { padding 0 2px; } .media iframe nth-of-type(n+2) { margin-top 0.3em; } .youtube + .nicovideo, .youtube + .soundcloud, .nicovideo + .soundcloud { margin-top 0.75em; } .media_section { display flex; align-items center; text-align center; } .media_section before, .media_section after { display block; flex-grow 1; content ; height 1px; } .media_section before { margin-right 0.5em; background linear-gradient(-90deg, #888, transparent); } .media_section after { margin-left 0.5em; background linear-gradient(90deg, #888, transparent); } .media_notice { color firebrick; font-size 77.5%; } /** Around track styling **/ .next-track { float right; } /** Infomation styling **/ #trackinfo .info_header th { padding .3em .5em; background-color #D8D8D8; font-size 95%; } #trackinfo .infomation_show_btn_wrapper { float right; font-size 12px; user-select none; } #trackinfo .infomation_show_btn { cursor pointer; } #trackinfo .info_content td { padding 0 0 0 5px; height 0; transition .3s; } #trackinfo .info_content ul { padding 0; margin 0; max-height 0; list-style initial; transition .3s; } #trackinfo .info_content li { opacity 0; visibility hidden; margin 0 0 0 1.5em; transition .3s, opacity .2s; } #trackinfo .info_content.infomation_show td { padding 5px; height 100%; } #trackinfo .info_content.infomation_show ul { padding 5px 0; max-height 50em; } #trackinfo .info_content.infomation_show li { opacity 1; visibility visible; } #trackinfo .info_content.infomation_show li nth-of-type(n+2) { margin-top 10px; } /** Lyrics styling **/ #lyrics { font-size 1.06em; line-height 1.6em; } .not_in_card, .inaudible { display inline; position relative; } .not_in_card { border-bottom dashed 1px #D0D0D0; } .tooltip { display flex; visibility hidden; position absolute; top -42.5px; left 0; width 275px; min-height 20px; max-height 100px; padding 10px; border-radius 5px; background-color #555; align-items center; color #FFF; font-size 85%; line-height 20px; text-align center; white-space nowrap; opacity 0; transition 0.7s; -webkit-user-select none; -moz-user-select none; -ms-user-select none; user-select none; } .inaudible .tooltip { top -68.5px; } span hover + .tooltip { visibility visible; top -47.5px; opacity 0.8; transition 0.3s; } .inaudible span hover + .tooltip { top -73.5px; } .not_in_card span.hide { top -42.5px; opacity 0; transition 0.7s; } .inaudible .img { display inline-block; width 3.45em; height 1.25em; margin-right 4px; margin-bottom -3.5px; margin-left 4px; background-image url(https //img.atwikiimg.com/www31.atwiki.jp/touhoukashi/attach/2971/7/Inaudible.png); background-size contain; background-repeat no-repeat; } .not_in_card after, .inaudible .img after { content ; visibility hidden; position absolute; top -8.5px; left 42.5%; border-width 5px; border-style solid; border-color #555 transparent transparent transparent; opacity 0; transition 0.7s; } .not_in_card hover after, .inaudible .img hover after { content ; visibility visible; top -13.5px; left 42.5%; opacity 0.8; transition 0.3s; } .not_in_card after { top -2.5px; left 50%; } .not_in_card hover after { top -7.5px; left 50%; } .not_in_card.hide after { visibility hidden; top -2.5px; opacity 0; transition 0.7s; } /** For mobile device styling **/ .uk-overflow-container { display inline; } #trackinfo.mobile { display table; float none; width 100%; margin auto; margin-bottom 1em; } #trackinfo.mobile th { text-transform none; } #trackinfo.mobile tbody tr not(.media) th { text-align left; background-color unset; } #trackinfo.mobile td { white-space normal; } document.addEventListener( DOMContentLoaded , function() { use strict ; const headers = { title アルバム別曲名 , album アルバム , circle サークル , vocal Vocal , lyric Lyric , chorus Chorus , narrator Narration , rap Rap , voice Voice , whistle Whistle (口笛) , translate Translation (翻訳) , arrange Arrange , artist Artist , bass Bass , cajon Cajon (カホン) , drum Drum , guitar Guitar , keyboard Keyboard , mc MC , mix Mix , piano Piano , sax Sax , strings Strings , synthesizer Synthesizer , trumpet Trumpet , violin Violin , original 原曲 , image_song イメージ曲 }; const rPagename = /(?=^|.*
https://w.atwiki.jp/wangjunyu/pages/29.html
Kareena Kapoor gave an epic assertion which I guess numerous women would wholly conform to, she mentioned that Girls like their purse extra than their Boyfriends , why don t you, handbags arrive within a myriad of colours, shapes and designs which are entirely well worth drooling. There may be an obsession for baggage for many years, the most beneficial part is that you can by no means get enough of it. There may be a large array of alternatives of bag, to pick for college, workplace, brunch events, weddings and lots of other events. But there is usually a confusion, which bag could be perfect for your casual appear. So, we assumed that will help you in selecting a perfect bag for faculty dress in or whenever you are out with friends. To get a new going school lady appear, you may often choose drawstring, backpack luggage for ladies which glimpse awesome. Drawstring baggage with vibrant patterns, prints are only produced for the college likely ladies. Also select a bag which can be sturdy and past long as it will be loaded with the publications, university necessities and of course make-up! Although for people who desire a refined glance, they might get backpack in canvas materials with very simple types in embroidery or even colour block. So, the top location to buy for an uber neat bag is always to shop on-line. Once you shop on the web, you could effortlessly get yourself a plethora of luggage and if you re wanting to know with regard to the cost, then you don t need to worry in the least, on line retailers give good savings and at irresistible selling prices. If you shop from on the internet outlets, you re loaded with positive aspects, you receive trendy baggage together with you get in time shipping anyplace across the globe. The web retail retailers, try for giving complete buyer fulfillment, so they generally carry the most effective during the trend and ensure you might be happy with bao bao bag the delivery and also the merchandise. So, to acquire ultimate bliss while browsing, shop on the net. A different trendy bag for an off-the-cuff seem, may be the sling bag. Sling luggage or the cross physique appear in a great number of styles and vibrant shades which might be eye catchy. You are able to test the beaded sling bag in neon shades for just a summer months seem, or aztec prints, summary prints to the issey miyake online up to date glance. Else in order for you the retro type you may try a polka prints sling bag much too. These bags are compact and possess more than enough area for your personal mobile phone, funds, lip gloss, eyeliner as well as other necessities. We even advise you, to test the eco bao bao issey miyake helpful bags like the jute baggage with lovable prints bags of ladies, kittens, miracles of the globe together with other unique layouts that can showcase your character and tastes. Even tote luggage give an easy going appear, that you could carry them during your ladies meet up with, brunches or perhaps night time social gathering. They may have an enormous house to load up all of your girly factors, if you are looking for your fashionable bag, then we recommend the in style floral print tote bag. In the event the floral print dresses can be a trend among the woman, then why not a floral print bag? Get on the net luggage from on-line merchants at reasonably priced charges and have it with elan if you hangout together with your women for brunches. So, girls have a mode quotient inside your arms where ever you go and notice the globe likely gaga over your preference.
https://w.atwiki.jp/mrfrtech/pages/48.html
Market Scenario Market Research Future (MRFR) announces the publication of its half-cooked research report—Global 5G Base Station Market, 2020–2026. According to Market Research Future, the global 5G base station market has been segmented based on frequency, MIMO, type, end-user, and region/country. 5G, the 5th generation of mobile networks, is a significant evolution of today’s 4G LTE networks. 5G networks are being designed to meet the very large growth in data and connectivity across the globe in today’s modern society, with rising applications on the Internet of Things (IoT) and future technological innovations. 5G technology is expected to provide high-speed Internet services, low latency, and connectivity to enable a new generation of applications, services, and business opportunities that have not been seen before. The increasing demand for high-speed data connectivity with low latency and with the Internet of things (IoT) on the rise with the increasing number of connected devices have been the major factor that drives the growth in the global 5G base station market. However, various governments across the globe have implemented strict regulations related to network radiations caused by the 5G infrastructure, which is hampering the growth of the market. Future technological advancements due to 5G networks are expected to provide huge opportunities for the growth of 5G base stations. Request a Free Sample @ https //www.marketresearchfuture.com/sample_request/10523 Competitive Outlook The key players in the global 5G Base Station market are SAMSUNG (South Korea), Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. (China), Telefonaktiebolaget LM Ericsson (Sweden), Intel Corporation (US), Nokia (Finland), Qualcomm Technologies Inc. (US), ZTE Corporation (China), NEC Corporation (Japan), Ceragon (US), Airspan Networks (US), CommScope, Inc. (US), Marvell (China), Qorvo, Inc (US), Cisco Systems, Inc. (US), and Microsemi (US). Segmentation The global 5G base station market has been segmented based on frequency, MIMO, type, end-user, and region. By frequency, the global 5G base station market has been divided into 410 MHz to 7,125 MHz and 24.25 GHz to 52.6 GHz. The first band is usually denoted by below 6GHz band utilized by LTE/LTE advanced and WLAN technologies. Whereas the second group operates from 30 GHz to over 100 GHz and defines frequency bands between 24,250 to 52,600 MHz (millimeter band) that offers high-speed, large bandwidth, and data transmission. By MIMO, the global 5G base station market has been divided into single-user MIMO and multi-user MIMO. Single-user MIMO (SU-MIMO) is a with multiple transmitters and receivers utilized in wireless communication technology which enables allocation of wireless access point to a single device. Multi-user MIMO (MU-MIMO) technology helps multiple users have access to base station. Depending on its type, the 5G base station market is split into time division duplex (TDD) and frequency division duplex (FDD). FDD sends and receives signals simultaneously as the transmitter and receiver are set at different frequencies whereas TDD uses a single frequency for transmission and reception at a time. On the basis of end-user, the 5G base station market is categorized into residential, commercial, urban, and rural. 5G base station industry is into its early stages of deployment. However, the end-use industries such as manufacturing, healthcare, aerospace defense, automotive transportation, among others. For instance, smart factory enables flow of data between machines and people that reduces downtime and increases the potential of predictive maintenance reaping monetary and productivity benefits. The global 5G Base Station market has been analyzed for five regions—North America, Europe, Asia-Pacific, the Middle East Africa, and South America. Regional Analysis By region, the global 5G base station market has been segmented into North America, Europe, Asia-Pacific, the Middle East Africa, and South America. North America is expected to be the dominating region in terms of the adoption of 5G base station owing to the heavy investments. North American market has been segmented into the US, Canada, and Mexico. The US is expected to lead the country-level market, while Canada is projected to be the fastest-growing segment during the forecast period. The US market is expected to report the highest market share, owing to the leading market position in terms of 5G transport networks deployed for efficient and faster transportation. Browse Full Report Details @ https //www.marketresearchfuture.com/reports/5g-base-station-market-10523 Table of Contents 1Executive Summary 2Scope of the Report 2.1Market Definition 2.2Scope of the Study 2.2.1Research objectives 2.2.2Assumptions Limitations 2.3Markets Structure Continued…. View Similar Report Internet of things (IoT) Market https //ictmrfr.blogspot.com/2022/04/internet-of-things-market-growth-key.html B2B Telecommunication Market https //www.scutify.com/articles/2022-04-12-b2b-telecommunication-market-analysis--geographic-growth-opportunities-for-it-security-and-data- Cash Management System Market https //market-research-future.tribe.so/post/cash-management-system-market-size-receives-a-rapid-boost-in-economy-due-to--625d5382d24f49591bd3befb Learning Management System Market By Application (Corporate, Academics), by Deployment (Cloud, On-Premise), by Service (Administration, Performance Management, Content Management, Communication Collaboration) About Market Research Future At Market Research Future (MRFR), we enable our customers to unravel the complexity of various industries through our Cooked Research Report (CRR), Half-Cooked Research Reports (HCRR), Raw Research Reports (3R), Continuous-Feed Research (CFR), and Market Research Consulting Services. Contact Market Research Future (Part of Wantstats Research and Media Private Limited) 99 Hudson Street, 5Th Floor New York, NY 10013 United States of America 1 628 258 0071 (US) 44 2035 002 764 (UK) Email sales@marketresearchfuture.com Website https //www.marketresearchfuture.com #market #research #industry #data #report #share #digital #gnews Plugin Error キーワードを入力してください。 #trend #future #analyis #industryreport #industrygrowth #demographic #strategy #manegment
https://w.atwiki.jp/touhoukashi/pages/3265.html
【登録タグ A-One C TOHO EUROBEAT VOL.17 花映塚 あき 彼岸帰航 ～ Riverside View 春色小径 ～ Colorful Path 曲】 【注意】 現在、このページはJavaScriptの利用が一時制限されています。この表示状態ではトラック情報が正しく表示されません。 この問題は、以下のいずれかが原因となっています。 ページがAMP表示となっている ウィキ内検索からページを表示している これを解決するには、こちらをクリックし、ページを通常表示にしてください。 /** General styling **/ @font-face { font-family Noto Sans JP ; font-display swap; font-style normal; font-weight 350; src url(https //img.atwikiimg.com/www31.atwiki.jp/touhoukashi/attach/2972/10/NotoSansCJKjp-DemiLight.woff2) format( woff2 ), url(https //img.atwikiimg.com/www31.atwiki.jp/touhoukashi/attach/2972/9/NotoSansCJKjp-DemiLight.woff) format( woff ), url(https //img.atwikiimg.com/www31.atwiki.jp/touhoukashi/attach/2972/8/NotoSansCJKjp-DemiLight.ttf) format( truetype ); } @font-face { font-family Noto Sans JP ; font-display swap; font-style normal; font-weight bold; src url(https //img.atwikiimg.com/www31.atwiki.jp/touhoukashi/attach/2972/13/NotoSansCJKjp-Medium.woff2) format( woff2 ), url(https //img.atwikiimg.com/www31.atwiki.jp/touhoukashi/attach/2972/12/NotoSansCJKjp-Medium.woff) format( woff ), url(https //img.atwikiimg.com/www31.atwiki.jp/touhoukashi/attach/2972/11/NotoSansCJKjp-Medium.ttf) format( truetype ); } rt { font-family Arial, Verdana, Helvetica, sans-serif; } /** Main table styling **/ #trackinfo, #lyrics { font-family Noto Sans JP , sans-serif; font-weight 350; } .track_number { font-family Rockwell; font-weight bold; } .track_number after { content . ; } #track_args, .amp_text { display none; } #trackinfo { position relative; float right; margin 0 0 1em 1em; padding 0.3em; width 320px; border-collapse separate; border-radius 5px; border-spacing 0; background-color #F9F9F9; font-size 90%; line-height 1.4em; } #trackinfo th { white-space nowrap; } #trackinfo th, #trackinfo td { border none !important; } #trackinfo thead th { background-color #D8D8D8; box-shadow 0 -3px #F9F9F9 inset; padding 4px 2.5em 7px; white-space normal; font-size 120%; text-align center; } .trackrow { background-color #F0F0F0; box-shadow 0 2px #F9F9F9 inset, 0 -2px #F9F9F9 inset; } #trackinfo td ul { margin 0; padding 0; list-style none; } #trackinfo li { line-height 16px; } #trackinfo li nth-of-type(n+2) { margin-top 6px; } #trackinfo dl { margin 0; } #trackinfo dt { font-size small; font-weight bold; } #trackinfo dd { margin-left 1.2em; } #trackinfo dd + dt { margin-top .5em; } #trackinfo_help { position absolute; top 3px; right 8px; font-size 80%; } /** Media styling **/ #trackinfo .media th { background-color #D8D8D8; padding 4px 0; font-size 95%; text-align center; } .media td { padding 0 2px; } .media iframe nth-of-type(n+2) { margin-top 0.3em; } .youtube + .nicovideo, .youtube + .soundcloud, .nicovideo + .soundcloud { margin-top 0.75em; } .media_section { display flex; align-items center; text-align center; } .media_section before, .media_section after { display block; flex-grow 1; content ; height 1px; } .media_section before { margin-right 0.5em; background linear-gradient(-90deg, #888, transparent); } .media_section after { margin-left 0.5em; background linear-gradient(90deg, #888, transparent); } .media_notice { color firebrick; font-size 77.5%; } /** Around track styling **/ .next-track { float right; } /** Infomation styling **/ #trackinfo .info_header th { padding .3em .5em; background-color #D8D8D8; font-size 95%; } #trackinfo .infomation_show_btn_wrapper { float right; font-size 12px; user-select none; } #trackinfo .infomation_show_btn { cursor pointer; } #trackinfo .info_content td { padding 0 0 0 5px; height 0; transition .3s; } #trackinfo .info_content ul { padding 0; margin 0; max-height 0; list-style initial; transition .3s; } #trackinfo .info_content li { opacity 0; visibility hidden; margin 0 0 0 1.5em; transition .3s, opacity .2s; } #trackinfo .info_content.infomation_show td { padding 5px; height 100%; } #trackinfo .info_content.infomation_show ul { padding 5px 0; max-height 50em; } #trackinfo .info_content.infomation_show li { opacity 1; visibility visible; } #trackinfo .info_content.infomation_show li nth-of-type(n+2) { margin-top 10px; } /** Lyrics styling **/ #lyrics { font-size 1.06em; line-height 1.6em; } .not_in_card, .inaudible { display inline; position relative; } .not_in_card { border-bottom dashed 1px #D0D0D0; } .tooltip { display flex; visibility hidden; position absolute; top -42.5px; left 0; width 275px; min-height 20px; max-height 100px; padding 10px; border-radius 5px; background-color #555; align-items center; color #FFF; font-size 85%; line-height 20px; text-align center; white-space nowrap; opacity 0; transition 0.7s; -webkit-user-select none; -moz-user-select none; -ms-user-select none; user-select none; } .inaudible .tooltip { top -68.5px; } span hover + .tooltip { visibility visible; top -47.5px; opacity 0.8; transition 0.3s; } .inaudible span hover + .tooltip { top -73.5px; } .not_in_card span.hide { top -42.5px; opacity 0; transition 0.7s; } .inaudible .img { display inline-block; width 3.45em; height 1.25em; margin-right 4px; margin-bottom -3.5px; margin-left 4px; background-image url(https //img.atwikiimg.com/www31.atwiki.jp/touhoukashi/attach/2971/7/Inaudible.png); background-size contain; background-repeat no-repeat; } .not_in_card after, .inaudible .img after { content ; visibility hidden; position absolute; top -8.5px; left 42.5%; border-width 5px; border-style solid; border-color #555 transparent transparent transparent; opacity 0; transition 0.7s; } .not_in_card hover after, .inaudible .img hover after { content ; visibility visible; top -13.5px; left 42.5%; opacity 0.8; transition 0.3s; } .not_in_card after { top -2.5px; left 50%; } .not_in_card hover after { top -7.5px; left 50%; } .not_in_card.hide after { visibility hidden; top -2.5px; opacity 0; transition 0.7s; } /** For mobile device styling **/ .uk-overflow-container { display inline; } #trackinfo.mobile { display table; float none; width 100%; margin auto; margin-bottom 1em; } #trackinfo.mobile th { text-transform none; } #trackinfo.mobile tbody tr not(.media) th { text-align left; background-color unset; } #trackinfo.mobile td { white-space normal; } document.addEventListener( DOMContentLoaded , function() { use strict ; const headers = { title アルバム別曲名 , album アルバム , circle サークル , vocal Vocal , lyric Lyric , chorus Chorus , narrator Narration , rap Rap , voice Voice , whistle Whistle (口笛) , translate Translation (翻訳) , arrange Arrange , artist Artist , bass Bass , cajon Cajon (カホン) , drum Drum , guitar Guitar , keyboard Keyboard , mc MC , mix Mix , piano Piano , sax Sax , strings Strings , synthesizer Synthesizer , trumpet Trumpet , violin Violin , original 原曲 , image_song イメージ曲 }; const rPagename = /(?=^|.*
https://w.atwiki.jp/touhoukashi/pages/1239.html
【登録タグ L ichigo surumeika- 岸田教団＆the明星ロケッツ 懐かしき東方の血 ～ Old World 曲】 【注意】 現在、このページはJavaScriptの利用が一時制限されています。この表示状態ではトラック情報が正しく表示されません。 この問題は、以下のいずれかが原因となっています。 ページがAMP表示となっている ウィキ内検索からページを表示している これを解決するには、こちらをクリックし、ページを通常表示にしてください。 /** General styling **/ @font-face { font-family Noto Sans JP ; font-display swap; font-style normal; font-weight 350; src url(https //img.atwikiimg.com/www31.atwiki.jp/touhoukashi/attach/2972/10/NotoSansCJKjp-DemiLight.woff2) format( woff2 ), url(https //img.atwikiimg.com/www31.atwiki.jp/touhoukashi/attach/2972/9/NotoSansCJKjp-DemiLight.woff) format( woff ), url(https //img.atwikiimg.com/www31.atwiki.jp/touhoukashi/attach/2972/8/NotoSansCJKjp-DemiLight.ttf) format( truetype ); } @font-face { font-family Noto Sans JP ; font-display swap; font-style normal; font-weight bold; src url(https //img.atwikiimg.com/www31.atwiki.jp/touhoukashi/attach/2972/13/NotoSansCJKjp-Medium.woff2) format( woff2 ), url(https //img.atwikiimg.com/www31.atwiki.jp/touhoukashi/attach/2972/12/NotoSansCJKjp-Medium.woff) format( woff ), url(https //img.atwikiimg.com/www31.atwiki.jp/touhoukashi/attach/2972/11/NotoSansCJKjp-Medium.ttf) format( truetype ); } rt { font-family Arial, Verdana, Helvetica, sans-serif; } /** Main table styling **/ #trackinfo, #lyrics { font-family Noto Sans JP , sans-serif; font-weight 350; } .track_number { font-family Rockwell; font-weight bold; } .track_number after { content . ; } #track_args, .amp_text { display none; } #trackinfo { position relative; float right; margin 0 0 1em 1em; padding 0.3em; width 320px; border-collapse separate; border-radius 5px; border-spacing 0; background-color #F9F9F9; font-size 90%; line-height 1.4em; } #trackinfo th { white-space nowrap; } #trackinfo th, #trackinfo td { border none !important; } #trackinfo thead th { background-color #D8D8D8; box-shadow 0 -3px #F9F9F9 inset; padding 4px 2.5em 7px; white-space normal; font-size 120%; text-align center; } .trackrow { background-color #F0F0F0; box-shadow 0 2px #F9F9F9 inset, 0 -2px #F9F9F9 inset; } #trackinfo td ul { margin 0; padding 0; list-style none; } #trackinfo li { line-height 16px; } #trackinfo li nth-of-type(n+2) { margin-top 6px; } #trackinfo dl { margin 0; } #trackinfo dt { font-size small; font-weight bold; } #trackinfo dd { margin-left 1.2em; } #trackinfo dd + dt { margin-top .5em; } #trackinfo_help { position absolute; top 3px; right 8px; font-size 80%; } /** Media styling **/ #trackinfo .media th { background-color #D8D8D8; padding 4px 0; font-size 95%; text-align center; } .media td { padding 0 2px; } .media iframe nth-of-type(n+2) { margin-top 0.3em; } .youtube + .nicovideo, .youtube + .soundcloud, .nicovideo + .soundcloud { margin-top 0.75em; } .media_section { display flex; align-items center; text-align center; } .media_section before, .media_section after { display block; flex-grow 1; content ; height 1px; } .media_section before { margin-right 0.5em; background linear-gradient(-90deg, #888, transparent); } .media_section after { margin-left 0.5em; background linear-gradient(90deg, #888, transparent); } .media_notice { color firebrick; font-size 77.5%; } /** Around track styling **/ .next-track { float right; } /** Infomation styling **/ #trackinfo .info_header th { padding .3em .5em; background-color #D8D8D8; font-size 95%; } #trackinfo .infomation_show_btn_wrapper { float right; font-size 12px; user-select none; } #trackinfo .infomation_show_btn { cursor pointer; } #trackinfo .info_content td { padding 0 0 0 5px; height 0; transition .3s; } #trackinfo .info_content ul { padding 0; margin 0; max-height 0; list-style initial; transition .3s; } #trackinfo .info_content li { opacity 0; visibility hidden; margin 0 0 0 1.5em; transition .3s, opacity .2s; } #trackinfo .info_content.infomation_show td { padding 5px; height 100%; } #trackinfo .info_content.infomation_show ul { padding 5px 0; max-height 50em; } #trackinfo .info_content.infomation_show li { opacity 1; visibility visible; } #trackinfo .info_content.infomation_show li nth-of-type(n+2) { margin-top 10px; } /** Lyrics styling **/ #lyrics { font-size 1.06em; line-height 1.6em; } .not_in_card, .inaudible { display inline; position relative; } .not_in_card { border-bottom dashed 1px #D0D0D0; } .tooltip { display flex; visibility hidden; position absolute; top -42.5px; left 0; width 275px; min-height 20px; max-height 100px; padding 10px; border-radius 5px; background-color #555; align-items center; color #FFF; font-size 85%; line-height 20px; text-align center; white-space nowrap; opacity 0; transition 0.7s; -webkit-user-select none; -moz-user-select none; -ms-user-select none; user-select none; } .inaudible .tooltip { top -68.5px; } span hover + .tooltip { visibility visible; top -47.5px; opacity 0.8; transition 0.3s; } .inaudible span hover + .tooltip { top -73.5px; } .not_in_card span.hide { top -42.5px; opacity 0; transition 0.7s; } .inaudible .img { display inline-block; width 3.45em; height 1.25em; margin-right 4px; margin-bottom -3.5px; margin-left 4px; background-image url(https //img.atwikiimg.com/www31.atwiki.jp/touhoukashi/attach/2971/7/Inaudible.png); background-size contain; background-repeat no-repeat; } .not_in_card after, .inaudible .img after { content ; visibility hidden; position absolute; top -8.5px; left 42.5%; border-width 5px; border-style solid; border-color #555 transparent transparent transparent; opacity 0; transition 0.7s; } .not_in_card hover after, .inaudible .img hover after { content ; visibility visible; top -13.5px; left 42.5%; opacity 0.8; transition 0.3s; } .not_in_card after { top -2.5px; left 50%; } .not_in_card hover after { top -7.5px; left 50%; } .not_in_card.hide after { visibility hidden; top -2.5px; opacity 0; transition 0.7s; } /** For mobile device styling **/ .uk-overflow-container { display inline; } #trackinfo.mobile { display table; float none; width 100%; margin auto; margin-bottom 1em; } #trackinfo.mobile th { text-transform none; } #trackinfo.mobile tbody tr not(.media) th { text-align left; background-color unset; } #trackinfo.mobile td { white-space normal; } document.addEventListener( DOMContentLoaded , function() { use strict ; const headers = { title アルバム別曲名 , album アルバム , circle サークル , vocal Vocal , lyric Lyric , chorus Chorus , narrator Narration , rap Rap , voice Voice , whistle Whistle (口笛) , translate Translation (翻訳) , arrange Arrange , artist Artist , bass Bass , cajon Cajon (カホン) , drum Drum , guitar Guitar , keyboard Keyboard , mc MC , mix Mix , piano Piano , sax Sax , strings Strings , synthesizer Synthesizer , trumpet Trumpet , violin Violin , original 原曲 , image_song イメージ曲 }; const rPagename = /(?=^|.*
https://w.atwiki.jp/wittard/pages/23.html
順番 場所 種別 報告 内容 クエスト名 NPC 1 Monument Tunnels サイド 報告 ネームドBighands(空爆野郎)を倒す。報告するとDate Escapeが発生 Only Human Jons 2 └ Monument Crawlyway サイド 報告 Pain Leecheを9匹倒す。報告するとMad Loveが発生 Date Escape Jons 3 Upper Thames サイド ↓ ネームドLament(Shock Slayerタイプ)を倒し、Kill Torphyを持ち帰る。報告するとWanted Perilが発生 Wanted Lament Wanted,Load Arphaun 4 └ Waterman s Walk サイド 報告 FellboreからWarp Registerを4個集める。報告するとThree s A Companyが発生 Mad Love Jons 5 Upper Thames サイド 報告 Scannerを4個探す Three s A Company Jons 6 Monument Tunnels サイド 報告 ネームドPeril(Furyタイプ)からKill Trophyを持ち帰る Wanted Peril Wanted,Load Arphaun 7 Eastcheap サイド ↓ 探索 Seeing For Suckers Nasim 8 └ Tudor Street メイン ↓ Aeron Altairと話す。可能ならPRDを保持しておく Helping Hands Load Arphaun,Aeron Altair 9 └ Temple Place メイン ↓ Hell Rift内のBrandon LannにEmergency Medical Kitを使い、Templar Baseまで連れて行く Helping Hands Brandon Lann 10 └ Templar Base メイン 報告 Load Maximと話す Helping Hands Load Maxim Templar Baseの一連のクエストが終わった後 順番 場所 種別 報告 内容 クエスト名 NPC 1 Waterman s Walk サイド 報告 探索。報告するとOver The River And...が発生 Demensions Of Hell Connor 2 Tuder Street サイド 報告 探索。報告するとI Like Your Outfitが発生 Over The River And... Connor 3 Lower Thames サイド ↓ Ravager Mastodons(大きいRavager)を3匹倒す。報告するとCold Feetが発生 Safety s On Jons サイド 報告 Darkspawn SniperからLow-Yield Warheadを7個集める。報告するとBaby Stepsが発生 Fetch, Boy Nasim 4 └ Tower Gateway サイド ↓ Fringe Protrusionを3個探す。派生クエストなし Baby Steps Nasim サイド 報告 ネームドLoad Chroorsay(Tormenterタイプ)を倒し、Fast Wandを使用する。報告するとThe Body Warmsが発生 I Like Your Outfit Connor 5 └ Tower Of London サイド ↓ ネームドLoad Neelmelm(carnagorタイプ)を倒し、Demonic Talismanを使用する The Body Warms Connor メイン 報告 (Lieutenant grayと話し)Act Boss Abbadonを倒す A Luring Load Arphaun 6 Monument Tunnels サイド 報告 ネームドRipcage(skullタイプ)を倒す。報告するとShe s Not Cut...Yetが発生 Cold Feet Jons 7 └ Monument Crawlway サイド 報告 ネームドUnseen Terror(タコタイプ)を倒す。報告するとThe Deal Sealが発生 She s Not Cut...Yet Jons 8 Eastcheap サイド 報告 ネームドSewerbreath(猿タイプ)を倒す The Deal Seal Jons 9 Fenchurch サイド ↓ Plague Zombieを14匹倒す Take It Easy.Shoot Nasim 10 Trinity Square サイド ↓ ネームドBeguiler(鳥人間タイプ)を倒す Whoa.Cranky. Connor 11 Ald Gate メイン 報告 1.Techsmith415から3個のBlueprint(Umber,Magenta,? Power Supply Blueprint)を受け取る 2.Alecから必要に応じた各色(Red,Green,Blue)Gland-Battery Scrollを買う 3.当該エリアのmobがドロップするEnergetic(各色)Glantから各色Gland-Battery Scrollを完成させる 4.Gland-Battery Scrollから各Blueprintを完成させてTechSmith 415に渡す(赤 目玉,緑 耳,青 爪) Threshold 12 William Street サイド ↓ ネームドMutilator(四つん這いタイプ)を倒す。報告するとDraw A Pictureが発生 Demons Of Notoriety Nasim サイド 報告 ネームドMorbat(小鳥タイプ)を倒す。報告するとDestroyer Of... Them!が発生 Daddy s Dead Connor 13 Threadneedle サイド ↓ Blade Slayerを14匹倒す Destroyer Of... Them! Connor サイド ↓ 探索 Draw A Picture Nasim 14 Cannon Street Rail メイン ↓ Techsmith 99と話し3個のTrain Partを(ULT Power Plant,ULT Intake Manifold,ULT M-Series Capacitor)集めて渡す。一度にもてるのは1個のみ。 ...All The Live Long Day Techsmith99 15 └ Exodus メイン ↓ 無線を受けた後、Techsmith 99と話し、線路内の敵を掃討する Riding In Style Techsmith99 メイン ↓ ACT Boss BloodBladeを倒し、Portal内のThe Brothers2人と話す。Portalを出たら無線を受ける Brotherly Love The Brothers 16 └ Crown Office Row メイン ↓ Emmera Ephramと話しEmergency Medical Kitを受け取った後、ベッドにいるGravely Injured TemplarをMedic Packで10人治療すしEmmeraと話す Triage Emmera 17 └ Templar Base メイン 報告 Load Arphaunと話す Triage Load Arphaun 18 Mark Lane Approach サイド ↓ HowlersからPerk shotを2個集める Payroll Jons サイド 報告 Shock SlayerからCharged Cellを12個集める。報告するとOn Offが発生 In One Sitting Nasim 19 └ Mark Lane Station 別記 別記 Mark Lane Stationページに別記してあります 別記 20 └ Liverpool Approach サイド ↓ Fallen Fellboreを17匹倒す。報告するとScotch Frustrationが発生 Brood Go Bye Connor サイド ↓ Flesh Tombを2個探す。報告するとThat Includes Blasphemyが発生 On Off Nasim 21 └ Liverpool Station メイン 報告 Jessica Sumerisleと話し、Laser Sightsを貰う The Deep Load Arphaun, Jessica Sumerisle 22 Monument Station なし 報告 上記20のLiverpool Approachのサイドクエストの報告をする 複数 23 Liverpool Station サイド 報告 Lyra Dariusと話す That Includes Blasphemy Nasim,Lyra Darius サイド 報告 Saul PetrusにThingを渡す Scotch Frustration Conner,Saul Petrus
https://w.atwiki.jp/touhoukashi/pages/4151.html
【登録タグ L Metallical Animism Nana Takahashi SOUND HOLIC 封じられた妖怪 ～ Lost Place 暗闇の風穴 曲】 【注意】 現在、このページはJavaScriptの利用が一時制限されています。この表示状態ではトラック情報が正しく表示されません。 この問題は、以下のいずれかが原因となっています。 ページがAMP表示となっている ウィキ内検索からページを表示している これを解決するには、こちらをクリックし、ページを通常表示にしてください。 /** General styling **/ @font-face { font-family Noto Sans JP ; font-display swap; font-style normal; font-weight 350; src url(https //img.atwikiimg.com/www31.atwiki.jp/touhoukashi/attach/2972/10/NotoSansCJKjp-DemiLight.woff2) format( woff2 ), url(https //img.atwikiimg.com/www31.atwiki.jp/touhoukashi/attach/2972/9/NotoSansCJKjp-DemiLight.woff) format( woff ), url(https //img.atwikiimg.com/www31.atwiki.jp/touhoukashi/attach/2972/8/NotoSansCJKjp-DemiLight.ttf) format( truetype ); } @font-face { font-family Noto Sans JP ; font-display swap; font-style normal; font-weight bold; src url(https //img.atwikiimg.com/www31.atwiki.jp/touhoukashi/attach/2972/13/NotoSansCJKjp-Medium.woff2) format( woff2 ), url(https //img.atwikiimg.com/www31.atwiki.jp/touhoukashi/attach/2972/12/NotoSansCJKjp-Medium.woff) format( woff ), url(https //img.atwikiimg.com/www31.atwiki.jp/touhoukashi/attach/2972/11/NotoSansCJKjp-Medium.ttf) format( truetype ); } rt { font-family Arial, Verdana, Helvetica, sans-serif; } /** Main table styling **/ #trackinfo, #lyrics { font-family Noto Sans JP , sans-serif; font-weight 350; } .track_number { font-family Rockwell; font-weight bold; } .track_number after { content . ; } #track_args, .amp_text { display none; } #trackinfo { position relative; float right; margin 0 0 1em 1em; padding 0.3em; width 320px; border-collapse separate; border-radius 5px; border-spacing 0; background-color #F9F9F9; font-size 90%; line-height 1.4em; } #trackinfo th { white-space nowrap; } #trackinfo th, #trackinfo td { border none !important; } #trackinfo thead th { background-color #D8D8D8; box-shadow 0 -3px #F9F9F9 inset; padding 4px 2.5em 7px; white-space normal; font-size 120%; text-align center; } .trackrow { background-color #F0F0F0; box-shadow 0 2px #F9F9F9 inset, 0 -2px #F9F9F9 inset; } #trackinfo td ul { margin 0; padding 0; list-style none; } #trackinfo li { line-height 16px; } #trackinfo li nth-of-type(n+2) { margin-top 6px; } #trackinfo dl { margin 0; } #trackinfo dt { font-size small; font-weight bold; } #trackinfo dd { margin-left 1.2em; } #trackinfo dd + dt { margin-top .5em; } #trackinfo_help { position absolute; top 3px; right 8px; font-size 80%; } /** Media styling **/ #trackinfo .media th { background-color #D8D8D8; padding 4px 0; font-size 95%; text-align center; } .media td { padding 0 2px; } .media iframe nth-of-type(n+2) { margin-top 0.3em; } .youtube + .nicovideo, .youtube + .soundcloud, .nicovideo + .soundcloud { margin-top 0.75em; } .media_section { display flex; align-items center; text-align center; } .media_section before, .media_section after { display block; flex-grow 1; content ; height 1px; } .media_section before { margin-right 0.5em; background linear-gradient(-90deg, #888, transparent); } .media_section after { margin-left 0.5em; background linear-gradient(90deg, #888, transparent); } .media_notice { color firebrick; font-size 77.5%; } /** Around track styling **/ .next-track { float right; } /** Infomation styling **/ #trackinfo .info_header th { padding .3em .5em; background-color #D8D8D8; font-size 95%; } #trackinfo .infomation_show_btn_wrapper { float right; font-size 12px; user-select none; } #trackinfo .infomation_show_btn { cursor pointer; } #trackinfo .info_content td { padding 0 0 0 5px; height 0; transition .3s; } #trackinfo .info_content ul { padding 0; margin 0; max-height 0; list-style initial; transition .3s; } #trackinfo .info_content li { opacity 0; visibility hidden; margin 0 0 0 1.5em; transition .3s, opacity .2s; } #trackinfo .info_content.infomation_show td { padding 5px; height 100%; } #trackinfo .info_content.infomation_show ul { padding 5px 0; max-height 50em; } #trackinfo .info_content.infomation_show li { opacity 1; visibility visible; } #trackinfo .info_content.infomation_show li nth-of-type(n+2) { margin-top 10px; } /** Lyrics styling **/ #lyrics { font-size 1.06em; line-height 1.6em; } .not_in_card, .inaudible { display inline; position relative; } .not_in_card { border-bottom dashed 1px #D0D0D0; } .tooltip { display flex; visibility hidden; position absolute; top -42.5px; left 0; width 275px; min-height 20px; max-height 100px; padding 10px; border-radius 5px; background-color #555; align-items center; color #FFF; font-size 85%; line-height 20px; text-align center; white-space nowrap; opacity 0; transition 0.7s; -webkit-user-select none; -moz-user-select none; -ms-user-select none; user-select none; } .inaudible .tooltip { top -68.5px; } span hover + .tooltip { visibility visible; top -47.5px; opacity 0.8; transition 0.3s; } .inaudible span hover + .tooltip { top -73.5px; } .not_in_card span.hide { top -42.5px; opacity 0; transition 0.7s; } .inaudible .img { display inline-block; width 3.45em; height 1.25em; margin-right 4px; margin-bottom -3.5px; margin-left 4px; background-image url(https //img.atwikiimg.com/www31.atwiki.jp/touhoukashi/attach/2971/7/Inaudible.png); background-size contain; background-repeat no-repeat; } .not_in_card after, .inaudible .img after { content ; visibility hidden; position absolute; top -8.5px; left 42.5%; border-width 5px; border-style solid; border-color #555 transparent transparent transparent; opacity 0; transition 0.7s; } .not_in_card hover after, .inaudible .img hover after { content ; visibility visible; top -13.5px; left 42.5%; opacity 0.8; transition 0.3s; } .not_in_card after { top -2.5px; left 50%; } .not_in_card hover after { top -7.5px; left 50%; } .not_in_card.hide after { visibility hidden; top -2.5px; opacity 0; transition 0.7s; } /** For mobile device styling **/ .uk-overflow-container { display inline; } #trackinfo.mobile { display table; float none; width 100%; margin auto; margin-bottom 1em; } #trackinfo.mobile th { text-transform none; } #trackinfo.mobile tbody tr not(.media) th { text-align left; background-color unset; } #trackinfo.mobile td { white-space normal; } document.addEventListener( DOMContentLoaded , function() { use strict ; const headers = { title アルバム別曲名 , album アルバム , circle サークル , vocal Vocal , lyric Lyric , chorus Chorus , narrator Narration , rap Rap , voice Voice , whistle Whistle (口笛) , translate Translation (翻訳) , arrange Arrange , artist Artist , bass Bass , cajon Cajon (カホン) , drum Drum , guitar Guitar , keyboard Keyboard , mc MC , mix Mix , piano Piano , sax Sax , strings Strings , synthesizer Synthesizer , trumpet Trumpet , violin Violin , original 原曲 , image_song イメージ曲 }; const rPagename = /(?=^|.*
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Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF) Z. Shelby Request for Comments 7252 ARM Category Standards Track K. Hartke ISSN 2070-1721 C. Bormann Universitaet Bremen TZI June 2014 The Constrained Application Protocol (CoAP) 制約付きアプリケーションプロトコル（CoAP） Abstract The Constrained Application Protocol (CoAP) is a specialized web transfer protocol for use with constrained nodes and constrained (e.g., low-power, lossy) networks. The nodes often have 8-bit microcontrollers with small amounts of ROM and RAM, while constrained networks such as IPv6 over Low-Power Wireless Personal Area Networks (6LoWPANs) often have high packet error rates and a typical throughput of 10s of kbit/s. The protocol is designed for machine- to-machine (M2M) applications such as smart energy and building automation. CoAPは制約の有るノードや制約のあるネットワーク(例：低消費電力、損失の多い)で使用するためのWeb転送プロトコルである。ノードは低容量のRAM and ROMで8bitのマイコンであることが多く、IPv6 over Low-Power Wireless Personal Area Networks (6LoWPANs) では高いパケットエラー率でありスループットは10kbit/sである。このプロトコルはスマートエネルギーやビルオートメーションとしてM2Mアプリケーションのために設計された。 CoAP provides a request/response interaction model between application endpoints, supports built-in discovery of services and resources, and includes key concepts of the Web such as URIs and Internet media types. CoAP is designed to easily interface with HTTP for integration with the Web while meeting specialized requirements such as multicast support, very low overhead, and simplicity for constrained environments. CoAPはアプリケーションエンドポイント間のrequest/responseモデルを提供し、URIとInternet media typeのようなWebの主要な要素を含むサービス、リソースへのアクセスを提供する。CoAPは制限のある環境のためにシンプル、低オーバーヘッド、マルチキャストのような特殊な要求を満たしながら、HTTPとの相互運用性を容易に満たすインターフェースとして設計されている。 Status of This Memo This is an Internet Standards Track document. This document is a product of the Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF). It represents the consensus of the IETF community. It has received public review and has been approved for publication by the Internet Engineering Steering Group (IESG). Further information on Internet Standards is available in Section 2 of RFC 5741. Information about the current status of this document, any errata, and how to provide feedback on it may be obtained at http //www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc7252. Shelby, et al. Standards Track [Page 1] RFC 7252 The Constrained Application Protocol (CoAP) June 2014 Copyright Notice Copyright (c) 2014 IETF Trust and the persons identified as the document authors. All rights reserved. This document is subject to BCP 78 and the IETF Trust s Legal Provisions Relating to IETF Documents (http //trustee.ietf.org/license-info) in effect on the date of publication of this document. Please review these documents carefully, as they describe your rights and restrictions with respect to this document. Code Components extracted from this document must include Simplified BSD License text as described in Section 4.e of the Trust Legal Provisions and are provided without warranty as described in the Simplified BSD License. Table of Contents 1. Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 1.1. Features . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 1.2. Terminology . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 専門用語 2. Constrained Application Protocol . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 2.1. Messaging Model . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11 2.2. Request/Response Model . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12 2.3. Intermediaries and Caching . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15 仲介、媒介とキャッシュ 2.4. Resource Discovery . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15 3. Message Format . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15 3.1. Option Format . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17 3.2. Option Value Formats . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19 4. Message Transmission . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20 4.1. Messages and Endpoints . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20 4.2. Messages Transmitted Reliably . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21 信頼性のあるメッセージ送信 4.3. Messages Transmitted without Reliability . . . . . . . . 23 信頼性のないメッセージ送信 4.4. Message Correlation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24 メッセージの関連性 4.5. Message Deduplication . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24 メッセージの重複排除 4.6. Message Size . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25 4.7. Congestion Control . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26 輻輳制御 4.8. Transmission Parameters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27 4.8.1. Changing the Parameters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27 4.8.2. Time Values Derived from Transmission Parameters . . 28 5. Request/Response Semantics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31 5.1. Requests . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31 5.2. Responses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31 5.2.1. Piggybacked . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33 5.2.2. Separate . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33 5.2.3. Non-confirmable . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34 5.3. Request/Response Matching . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34 5.3.1. Token . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34 5.3.2. Request/Response Matching Rules . . . . . . . . . . . 35 Shelby, et al. Standards Track [Page 2] RFC 7252 The Constrained Application Protocol (CoAP) June 2014 5.4. Options . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36 5.4.1. Critical/Elective . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37 5.4.2. Proxy Unsafe or Safe-to-Forward and NoCacheKey . . . 38 5.4.3. Length . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38 5.4.4. Default Values . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38 5.4.5. Repeatable Options . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39 5.4.6. Option Numbers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39 5.5. Payloads and Representations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40 5.5.1. Representation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40 5.5.2. Diagnostic Payload . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41 5.5.3. Selected Representation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41 5.5.4. Content Negotiation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41 5.6. Caching . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42 5.6.1. Freshness Model . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43 5.6.2. Validation Model . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43 5.7. Proxying . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44 5.7.1. Proxy Operation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44 5.7.2. Forward-Proxies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46 5.7.3. Reverse-Proxies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46 5.8. Method Definitions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47 5.8.1. GET . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47 5.8.2. POST . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47 5.8.3. PUT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48 5.8.4. DELETE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48 5.9. Response Code Definitions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48 5.9.1. Success 2.xx . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48 5.9.2. Client Error 4.xx . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50 5.9.3. Server Error 5.xx . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51 5.10. Option Definitions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52 5.10.1. Uri-Host, Uri-Port, Uri-Path, and Uri-Query . . . . 53 5.10.2. Proxy-Uri and Proxy-Scheme . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54 5.10.3. Content-Format . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55 5.10.4. Accept . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55 5.10.5. Max-Age . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55 5.10.6. ETag . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56 5.10.7. Location-Path and Location-Query . . . . . . . . . . 57 5.10.8. Conditional Request Options . . . . . . . . . . . . 57 5.10.9. Size1 Option . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 59 6. CoAP URIs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 59 6.1. coap URI Scheme . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 59 6.2. coaps URI Scheme . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60 6.3. Normalization and Comparison Rules . . . . . . . . . . . 61 6.4. Decomposing URIs into Options . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61 6.5. Composing URIs from Options . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62 7. Discovery . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 64 7.1. Service Discovery . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 64 7.2. Resource Discovery . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 64 7.2.1. ct Attribute . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 64 Shelby, et al. Standards Track [Page 3] RFC 7252 The Constrained Application Protocol (CoAP) June 2014 8. Multicast CoAP . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65 8.1. Messaging Layer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65 8.2. Request/Response Layer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 66 8.2.1. Caching . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67 8.2.2. Proxying . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67 9. Securing CoAP . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 68 9.1. DTLS-Secured CoAP . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 69 9.1.1. Messaging Layer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 70 9.1.2. Request/Response Layer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 71 9.1.3. Endpoint Identity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 71 10. Cross-Protocol Proxying between CoAP and HTTP . . . . . . . . 74 10.1. CoAP-HTTP Proxying . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 75 10.1.1. GET . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 76 10.1.2. PUT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 77 10.1.3. DELETE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 77 10.1.4. POST . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 77 10.2. HTTP-CoAP Proxying . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 77 10.2.1. OPTIONS and TRACE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 78 10.2.2. GET . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 78 10.2.3. HEAD . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 79 10.2.4. POST . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 79 10.2.5. PUT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 79 10.2.6. DELETE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 80 10.2.7. CONNECT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 80 11. Security Considerations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 80 11.1. Parsing the Protocol and Processing URIs . . . . . . . . 80 11.2. Proxying and Caching . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 81 11.3. Risk of Amplification . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 81 11.4. IP Address Spoofing Attacks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 83 11.5. Cross-Protocol Attacks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 84 11.6. Constrained-Node Considerations . . . . . . . . . . . . 86 12. IANA Considerations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 86 12.1. CoAP Code Registries . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 86 12.1.1. Method Codes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 87 12.1.2. Response Codes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 88 12.2. CoAP Option Numbers Registry . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 89 12.3. CoAP Content-Formats Registry . . . . . . . . . . . . . 91 12.4. URI Scheme Registration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 93 12.5. Secure URI Scheme Registration . . . . . . . . . . . . . 94 12.6. Service Name and Port Number Registration . . . . . . . 95 12.7. Secure Service Name and Port Number Registration . . . . 96 12.8. Multicast Address Registration . . . . . . . . . . . . . 97 13. Acknowledgements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 97 14. References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 98 14.1. Normative References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 98 14.2. Informative References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 100 Appendix A. Examples . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 104 Appendix B. URI Examples . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 110 Shelby, et al. Standards Track [Page 4] RFC 7252 The Constrained Application Protocol (CoAP) June 2014 1. Introduction The use of web services (web APIs) on the Internet has become ubiquitous in most applications and depends on the fundamental Representational State Transfer [REST] architecture of the Web. Internetのweb serviceの利用(web API)はWebのRESTアーキテクチャに依存した多くのアプリケーションで普及している。 The work on Constrained RESTful Environments (CoRE) aims at realizing the REST architecture in a suitable form for the most constrained nodes (e.g., 8-bit microcontrollers with limited RAM and ROM) and networks (e.g., 6LoWPAN, [RFC4944]). Constrained networks such as 6LoWPAN support the fragmentation of IPv6 packets into small link- layer frames; however, this causes significant reduction in packet delivery probability. One design goal of CoAP has been to keep message overhead small, thus limiting the need for fragmentation. 制約付きRESTful Environment(CoRE)は制約されたノード(8bitマイコン、RAM and ROM制限あり)とnetwork(6LoWPAN)に適したRESTアーキテクチャの実現を目指している。6LoWPANのような制約付きネットワークでは小さなLink-layerフレームへのIPv6パケットのフラグメンテーションをサポートする。しかし、これはパケット転送率の低下を引き起こす。CoAPの設計の一つの目標はフラグメンテーションを抑え、メッセージのオーバーヘッドを減らすことである。 One of the main goals of CoAP is to design a generic web protocol for the special requirements of this constrained environment, especially considering energy, building automation, and other machine-to-machine (M2M) applications. The goal of CoAP is not to blindly compress HTTP [RFC2616], but rather to realize a subset of REST common with HTTP but optimized for M2M applications. Although CoAP could be used for refashioning simple HTTP interfaces into a more compact protocol, more importantly it also offers features for M2M such as built-in discovery, multicast support, and asynchronous message exchanges. CoAPの目的のひとつは、エネルギー制限、ビルオートメーション、その他のM2Mアプリケーションのような制約された環境への特別な要求への一般的なWebプロトコルを設計することである。CoAPの目的は単にHTTPを圧縮することではなく、HTTPと共通のRESTを実現しながら、M2Mアプリケーション向けに最適化することである。CoAPはHTTPを単純化するために使用でき、M2Mのためのbuilt-in discovery（SSDP?）、マルチキャスト、非同期メッセージ交換をサポートする。 This document specifies the Constrained Application Protocol (CoAP), which easily translates to HTTP for integration with the existing Web while meeting specialized requirements such as multicast support, very low overhead, and simplicity for constrained environments and M2M applications. 本ドキュメントでは制約のある環境、M2Mアプリケーション、マルチキャスト、低オーバーヘッドのような要求を満たし、簡単にHTTPと変換して既存のWebとの互換性を実現できるCoAPを規定する。 1.1. Features CoAP has the following main features CoAPには主要な下記の機能がある。 o Web protocol fulfilling M2M requirements in constrained environments Webプロトコル：制約のある環境におけるM2M要求を満たす。 o UDP [RFC0768] binding with optional reliability supporting unicast and multicast requests. UDP：信頼性のあるユニキャストとマルチキャストをサポートする。 o Asynchronous message exchanges. 非同期メッセージの交換。 o Low header overhead and parsing complexity. ヘッダー：オーバーヘッドとパーサーの複雑さが低い。 o URI and Content-type support. URIとContent-typeのサポート。 o Simple proxy and caching capabilities. Simple proxyとキャッシュ機能のサポート。 Shelby, et al. Standards Track [Page 5] RFC 7252 The Constrained Application Protocol (CoAP) June 2014 o A stateless HTTP mapping, allowing proxies to be built providing access to CoAP resources via HTTP in a uniform way or for HTTP simple interfaces to be realized alternatively over CoAP. HTTP経由でのCoAPリソースへのアクセスおよびCoAPでのHTTP interfaceの大体が可能なstatelessなHTTPとの対応付けが可能。 o Security binding to Datagram Transport Layer Security (DTLS) [RFC6347]. セキュリティ：DTLSによる。 1.2. Terminology The key words MUST , MUST NOT , REQUIRED , SHALL , SHALL NOT , SHOULD , SHOULD NOT , RECOMMENDED , NOT RECOMMENDED , MAY , and OPTIONAL in this document are to be interpreted as described in [RFC2119] when they appear in ALL CAPS. These words may also appear in this document in lowercase, absent their normative meanings. This specification requires readers to be familiar with all the terms and concepts that are discussed in [RFC2616], including resource , representation , cache , and fresh . (Having been completed before the updated set of HTTP RFCs, RFC 7230 to RFC 7235, became available, this specification specifically references the predecessor version -- RFC 2616.) In addition, this specification defines the following terminology Endpoint An entity participating in the CoAP protocol. Colloquially, an endpoint lives on a Node , although Host would be more consistent with Internet standards usage, and is further identified by transport-layer multiplexing information that can include a UDP port number and a security association (Section 4.1). CoAPプロトコルを利用するエンティティ。Node内に位置し、Hostとも呼ばれる。Transport-layerのUDP port番号とsecurity association（Section 4.1）により識別できる。 Sender The originating endpoint of a message. When the aspect of identification of the specific sender is in focus, also source endpoint . メッセージを発信するendpoint。特定の送信者に注目する場合、source endpointともいう。 Recipient The destination endpoint of a message. When the aspect of identification of the specific recipient is in focus, also destination endpoint . メッセージを受信するendpoint。特定の受信者に注目する場合、destination endpointともいう。 Client The originating endpoint of a request; the destination endpoint of a response. requestを発信するendpoint。responseの宛先のendpoint。 Server The destination endpoint of a request; the originating endpoint of a response. requestの宛先のendpoint。responseを発信するendpoint。 Shelby, et al. Standards Track [Page 6] RFC 7252 The Constrained Application Protocol (CoAP) June 2014 Origin Server The server on which a given resource resides or is to be created. リソースが存在するか生成されるサーバー。 Intermediary A CoAP endpoint that acts both as a server and as a client towards an origin server (possibly via further intermediaries). A common form of an intermediary is a proxy; several classes of such proxies are discussed in this specification. serverとしてと、origin serverに対するclientとして（他のintermediary経由でもよい）動作するCoAP endpoint。一般的にはproxyである。本仕様で議論する。 Proxy An intermediary that mainly is concerned with forwarding requests and relaying back responses, possibly performing caching, namespace translation, or protocol translation in the process. As opposed to intermediaries in the general sense, proxies generally do not implement specific application semantics. Based on the position in the overall structure of the request forwarding, there are two common forms of proxy forward-proxy and reverse-proxy. In some cases, a single endpoint might act as an origin server, forward-proxy, or reverse-proxy, switching behavior based on the nature of each request. 主にrequestの転送とresponseの中継、キャッシュ、名前空間の変換、プロトコル変換などをするintermediary。汎用的な意味を持つintermediaryに対して、proxyは通常、特別なアプリケーションセマンティクスを実装しない。request転送の方法により、forward-proxyとreverse-proxyに分類される。あるケースでは各リクエストに従い一つのendpointがorigin server、forward-proxy、revere-proxyの役目を切り替える。 Forward-Proxy An endpoint selected by a client, usually via local configuration rules, to perform requests on behalf of the client, doing any necessary translations. Some translations are minimal, such as for proxy requests for coap URIs, whereas other requests might require translation to and from entirely different application- layer protocols. 設定によりclientが選択したendpointで、clientに代わって必要に応じて変換をしてrequestを実行する。全く異なるrequestをするとapplication-layerプロトコルでも変換が必要になるため、変換は最小限である。 Reverse-Proxy An endpoint that stands in for one or more other server(s) and satisfies requests on behalf of these, doing any necessary translations. Unlike a forward-proxy, the client may not be aware that it is communicating with a reverse-proxy; a reverse-proxy receives requests as if it were the origin server for the target resource. 複数のserverの代わりに必要に応じて変換してリクエストを処理するendpoint。reverse-proxyはtarget resourceのorigin serverであるかのようにrequestを受信するため、forward-proxyと異なり、clientはreverse-proxyを意識しないかもしれない。 CoAP-to-CoAP Proxy A proxy that maps from a CoAP request to a CoAP request, i.e., uses the CoAP protocol both on the server and the client side. Contrast to cross-proxy. CoAP requestとCoAP requestをmapするproxy。server、clientとしてCoAPプロトコルを使用する。cross-proxyとは対照的。 Cross-Proxy A cross-protocol proxy, or cross-proxy for short, is a proxy that translates between different protocols, such as a CoAP-to- HTTP proxy or an HTTP-to-CoAP proxy. While this specification makes very specific demands of CoAP-to-CoAP proxies, there is more variation possible in cross-proxies. cross-protocol proxy、cross-proxyはCoAP-to-HTTPやHTTP-to-CoAPのように異なるプロトコルを変換する。この仕様ではCoAP-to-CoAP proxyについて様々な規定をしているが、cross-proxyにも様々なバリエーションがある。 Shelby, et al. Standards Track [Page 7] RFC 7252 The Constrained Application Protocol (CoAP) June 2014 Confirmable Message Some messages require an acknowledgement. These messages are called Confirmable . When no packets are lost, each Confirmable message elicits exactly one return message of type Acknowledgement or type Reset. 一部のmessageはacknowledgementが必要である。そのようなメッセージはConfirmableと呼ばれる。パケットがロスしない場合、各Confrmable messageはAcknowledgementかResetのメッセージを応答する。 Non-confirmable Message Some other messages do not require an acknowledgement. This is particularly true for messages that are repeated regularly for application requirements, such as repeated readings from a sensor. Acknowledgementが必要でないメッセージ。センサーから定期的にデータを読み込むような、定期的なメッセージのアプリケーション要件のために使用される。 Acknowledgement Message An Acknowledgement message acknowledges that a specific Confirmable message arrived. By itself, an Acknowledgement message does not indicate success or failure of any request encapsulated in the Confirmable message, but the Acknowledgement message may also carry a Piggybacked Response (see below). Acknowledgement messageは特定のConfirmable messageの到達を伝える。このmessage自体がConfirmable messageのfailure/successを示すわけではないが、Piggybacked Responseで送信することはできる。 Reset Message A Reset message indicates that a specific message (Confirmable or Non-confirmable) was received, but some context is missing to properly process it. This condition is usually caused when the receiving node has rebooted and has forgotten some state that would be required to interpret the message. Provoking a Reset message (e.g., by sending an Empty Confirmable message) is also useful as an inexpensive check of the liveness of an endpoint ( CoAP ping ). Reset messageは特定のメッセージ(Confrmable or Non-confirmable)を受信したが、そのmessageを処理するためのcontextが失われていることを示す。受信nodeがrebootや状態を忘れてしまった場合にこの状態が発生する。Reset messageはエンドポイントの死活確認にも有効である（例：Empty Confirmable messageの送信）。 Piggybacked Response A piggybacked Response is included right in a CoAP Acknowledgement (ACK) message that is sent to acknowledge receipt of the Request for this Response (Section 5.2.1). piggybacked ResponseはCoAP Acknowledgement(ACK) messageに含まれる、Requestの受信のacknowledgeのためのResponse。 Separate Response When a Confirmable message carrying a request is acknowledged with an Empty message (e.g., because the server doesn t have the answer right away), a Separate Response is sent in a separate message exchange (Section 5.2.2). Requestを送信するConfirmable messageのacknowledgeがEmpty messageの場合（例えば、serverがすぐに応答できなかった場合）、Separate message exchangeのSeparate Responseが送信される(Section 5.2.2)。 Empty Message A message with a Code of 0.00; neither a request nor a response. An Empty message only contains the 4-byte header. Codeが0.00のmessage。requestでもresponseでもない。Empty messageは4byteのheaderのみで構成される。 Shelby, et al. Standards Track [Page 8] RFC 7252 The Constrained Application Protocol (CoAP) June 2014 Critical Option An option that would need to be understood by the endpoint ultimately receiving the message in order to properly process the message (Section 5.4.1). Note that the implementation of critical options is, as the name Option implies, generally optional unsupported critical options lead to an error response or summary rejection of the message. endpointが受信したメッセージを正しく処理するために必要なオプション。 Option は一般的にはoptionalという意味があるため、critical optionの実装には注意すること。critical optionがサポートされていない場合、error responseかmessageのsummary rejection★(summary rejectionって何？)をする。 Elective Option An option that is intended to be ignored by an endpoint that does not understand it. Processing the message even without understanding the option is acceptable (Section 5.4.1). optionをサポートしていないendpointでは無視されるoption。optionを無視してメッセージを処理することは許容される。(Section 5.4.1) Unsafe Option An option that would need to be understood by a proxy receiving the message in order to safely forward the message (Section 5.4.2). Not every critical option is an unsafe option. messageを安全に転送するため()Section 5.4.2 ★(safely forwardって何)、このmessageを受信したproxyによって使用される。全てのcritical optionがunsafe optionというわけではない。 Safe-to-Forward Option An option that is intended to be safe for forwarding by a proxy that does not understand it. Forwarding the message even without understanding the option is acceptable (Section 5.4.2). 対応していないproxyが転送をsafeにすることを意図する。optionを理解できない場合の転送も許容される(Section 5.4.2★safe転送が不明)。 Resource Discovery The process where a CoAP client queries a server for its list of hosted resources (i.e., links as defined in Section 7). CoAP clientがserverのもつresourceのlistを取得するためのプロセス。(Section 7のlink) Content-Format The combination of an Internet media type, potentially with specific parameters given, and a content-coding (which is often the identity content-coding), identified by a numeric identifier defined by the CoAP Content-Formats registry. When the focus is less on the numeric identifier than on the combination of these characteristics of a resource representation, this is also called representation format . Internet media typeとcontent-coding（content-codingの識別子）の組み合わせで、 CoAP Content-Formats のレジストリで定義された数値で識別される。 Additional terminology for constrained nodes and constrained-node networks can be found in [RFC7228]. 制約のあるノードと制約のあるノードのネットワークに関する用語はRFC7228にある。 In this specification, the term byte is used in its now customary sense as a synonym for octet . 本仕様における byte という用語は、 octet と同義で仕様される。 All multi-byte integers in this protocol are interpreted in network byte order. このプロトコルのマルチバイトの整数は、ネットワークバイトオーダー（ビッグエンディアン）で解釈される。 Where arithmetic is used, this specification uses the notation familiar from the programming language C, except that the operator ** stands for exponentiation. 算術演算では、**のべき乗以外は、C言語と同じ表記を使用する。 Shelby, et al. Standards Track [Page 9] RFC 7252 The Constrained Application Protocol (CoAP) June 2014 2. Constrained Application Protocol 制約のあるアプリケーションプロトコル The interaction model of CoAP is similar to the client/server model of HTTP. However, machine-to-machine interactions typically result in a CoAP implementation acting in both client and server roles. A CoAP request is equivalent to that of HTTP and is sent by a client to request an action (using a Method Code) on a resource (identified by a URI) on a server. The server then sends a response with a Response Code; this response may include a resource representation. CoAPのモデルはHTTPのclient/server modelに似ている。M2MではCoAPはclient/serverの両方で動作する。CoAP requestはHTTPと同様に、serverのresource(URIで識別される)に対するaction(Methed Codeを使用)を要求としてclientから送信する。serverはResponse Codeおよび場合によってはresouceを応答として送信する。 Unlike HTTP, CoAP deals with these interchanges asynchronously over a datagram-oriented transport such as UDP. This is done logically using a layer of messages that supports optional reliability (with exponential back-off). CoAP defines four types of messages Confirmable, Non-confirmable, Acknowledgement, Reset. Method Codes and Response Codes included in some of these messages make them carry requests or responses. The basic exchanges of the four types of messages are somewhat orthogonal to the request/response interactions; requests can be carried in Confirmable and Non- confirmable messages, and responses can be carried in these as well as piggybacked in Acknowledgement messages. HTTPと異なり、CoAPではUDPのようなdatagram-oriented転送の非同期の交換を使用する。信頼性がオプションとして提供される。CoAPでは4つのメッセージ（Confrmable、Non-confirmable、Acknowledgement、Reset）が定義される。これらのメッセージがrequestやresponseで送信されるとき、Method CodeやResponse Codeが含まれる。4つのメッセージはRequest/Responseに関係している。RequestはConfirmableとNon-confirmable message、ResponseはAcknowledgementにpiggybackしてメッセージを含めることができる。 One could think of CoAP logically as using a two-layer approach, a CoAP messaging layer used to deal with UDP and the asynchronous nature of the interactions, and the request/response interactions using Method and Response Codes (see Figure 1). CoAP is however a single protocol, with messaging and request/response as just features of the CoAP header. CoAPは2つのレイヤとして考えるとこができる。CoAP Message layerはUDPとの間の処理、request/responseはMethod/Response Codeによる処理を実施する(Figure 1参照)。しかし、CoAPは1つのプロトコルであり、messaging、request/responseはCoAP headerで実現される。 +----------------------+ | Application | +----------------------+ +----------------------+ \ | Requests/Responses | | |----------------------| | CoAP | Messages | | +----------------------+ / +----------------------+ | UDP | +----------------------+ Figure 1 Abstract Layering of CoAP Shelby, et al. Standards Track [Page 10] RFC 7252 The Constrained Application Protocol (CoAP) June 2014 2.1. Messaging Model The CoAP messaging model is based on the exchange of messages over UDP between endpoints. CoAP messaging modelはendpoint間のUDPメッセージ交換に基いている。 CoAP uses a short fixed-length binary header (4 bytes) that may be followed by compact binary options and a payload. This message format is shared by requests and responses. The CoAP message format is specified in Section 3. Each message contains a Message ID used to detect duplicates and for optional reliability. (The Message ID is compact; its 16-bit size enables up to about 250 messages per second from one endpoint to another with default protocol parameters.) CoAPは後にバイナリのオプションとpayloadが続く、固定長のbinary header(4 bytes)を使用する。このメッセージフォーマットはrequest/responseで共通である。CoAPのメッセージフォーマットはSection 3で規定される。各メッセージには重複検出とoptionの信頼性のためのMessage IDが含まれる。Message IDはコンパクトで、16bitであり、あるendpointから別のendpointに対して250メッセージ/sを可能とする（Memo 16bit=65535★250メッセージ/sの理由）。 Reliability is provided by marking a message as Confirmable (CON). A Confirmable message is retransmitted using a default timeout and exponential back-off between retransmissions, until the recipient sends an Acknowledgement message (ACK) with the same Message ID (in this example, 0x7d34) from the corresponding endpoint; see Figure 2. When a recipient is not at all able to process a Confirmable message (i.e., not even able to provide a suitable error response), it replies with a Reset message (RST) instead of an Acknowledgement (ACK). 信頼性はConfirmable(CON)のmessageとして提供される。Confirmable messageは再送期間中、受信者が対応するendpointからの同じMessage IDをもつAcknowledgement message(ACK)を送信するまで、timeoutとexponential back-offを使用して再送される（Figure 2参照）。受信者がConfirmable messageを処理できない場合（エレー responseもできない場合）、ACKの代わりにReset message(RST)で応答する。 Client Server | | | CON [0x7d34] | +----------------- | | | | ACK [0x7d34] | | -----------------+ | | Figure 2 Reliable Message Transmission A message that does not require reliable transmission (for example, each single measurement out of a stream of sensor data) can be sent as a Non-confirmable message (NON). These are not acknowledged, but still have a Message ID for duplicate detection (in this example, 0x01a0); see Figure 3. When a recipient is not able to process a Non-confirmable message, it may reply with a Reset message (RST). 信頼性が要求されないmessage（例えば1単位時間のセンサ情報）はNon-confirmable message(NON)で送信してよい。それらはACKを必要としないが、重複検出用のMessage IDは持っている(Figure 3参照)。受信者がNon-confirmable messageを処理できない場合、Reset message(RST)を応答してもよい。 Shelby, et al. Standards Track [Page 11] RFC 7252 The Constrained Application Protocol (CoAP) June 2014 Client Server | | | NON [0x01a0] | +----------------- | | | Figure 3 Unreliable Message Transmission See Section 4 for details of CoAP messages. 詳細なCoAP messageはSection 4参照。 As CoAP runs over UDP, it also supports the use of multicast IP destination addresses, enabling multicast CoAP requests. Section 8 discusses the proper use of CoAP messages with multicast addresses and precautions for avoiding response congestion. CoAPはUDP上で動作するため、multicast IP宛の送信をサポートし、CoAP requestのmulticast送信をサポートする。Section 8ではmulticast addressのCoAP messageの使用方法とresponseの輻輳回避について説明する。 Several security modes are defined for CoAP in Section 9 ranging from no security to certificate-based security. This document specifies a binding to DTLS for securing the protocol; the use of IPsec with CoAP is discussed in [IPsec-CoAP]. 証明書ベースのセキュリティについてはSection 9で定義される。このドキュメントではDTLSへのbindについて規定する。CoAPとIPsecの使用については [IPsec-CoAP]参照。 2.2. Request/Response Model CoAP request and response semantics are carried in CoAP messages, which include either a Method Code or Response Code, respectively. Optional (or default) request and response information, such as the URI and payload media type are carried as CoAP options. A Token is used to match responses to requests independently from the underlying messages (Section 5.3). (Note that the Token is a concept separate from the Message ID.) CoAP request/responseのsemanticsはそれぞれCoAP messageのMethod Code/Response Codeにより提供される。URIやpayload media typeのようなOptionalまたはdefaultのrequest/responseの情報は、CoAP optionとして提供される。Tokenはunderlying message（Section 5.3★underlying message不明）から独立してresponse/requestを関連付けるために使用される（TokenはMessage IDとは異なる概念である。）。 A request is carried in a Confirmable (CON) or Non-confirmable (NON) message, and, if immediately available, the response to a request carried in a Confirmable message is carried in the resulting Acknowledgement (ACK) message. This is called a piggybacked response, detailed in Section 5.2.1. (There is no need for separately acknowledging a piggybacked response, as the client will retransmit the request if the Acknowledgement message carrying the piggybacked response is lost.) Two examples for a basic GET request with piggybacked response are shown in Figure 4, one successful, one resulting in a 4.04 (Not Found) response. requestがConfirmable(CON)またはNon-confirmable(NON)で送信され、可能な場合、CONに対するResponseがACK messageで送信される。これはpiggybacked responseと呼ばれ、詳細はSection 5.2.1で述べられる。piggybacked responseのGET requestの例をFigure 4に示す。ひとつは成功で、もう一つは4.04(Not Fount) Responseである。 Shelby, et al. Standards Track [Page 12] RFC 7252 The Constrained Application Protocol (CoAP) June 2014 Client Server Client Server | | | | | CON [0xbc90] | | CON [0xbc91] | | GET /temperature | | GET /temperature | | (Token 0x71) | | (Token 0x72) | +----------------- | +----------------- | | | | | | ACK [0xbc90] | | ACK [0xbc91] | | 2.05 Content | | 4.04 Not Found | | (Token 0x71) | | (Token 0x72) | | 22.5 C | | Not found | | -----------------+ | -----------------+ | | | | Figure 4 Two GET Requests with Piggybacked Responses If the server is not able to respond immediately to a request carried in a Confirmable message, it simply responds with an Empty Acknowledgement message so that the client can stop retransmitting the request. When the response is ready, the server sends it in a new Confirmable message (which then in turn needs to be acknowledged by the client). This is called a separate response , as illustrated in Figure 5 and described in more detail in Section 5.2.2. serverがConfirmable messageのrequestに即座に応答できない場合、clientのrequest再送を停止させるため、Empty Acknowledgement messageを応答する。responseの準備ができた場合、serverは新しいConfirmable message（その後ClinetにACKが返される必要がある）を送信する。これは Separate Response と呼ばれ、Figure 5に示され、Section 5.2.2で説明する。 Client Server | | | CON [0x7a10] | | GET /temperature | | (Token 0x73) | +----------------- | | | | ACK [0x7a10] | | -----------------+ | | ... Time Passes ... | | | CON [0x23bb] | | 2.05 Content | | (Token 0x73) | | 22.5 C | | -----------------+ | | | ACK [0x23bb] | +----------------- | | | Figure 5 A GET Request with a Separate Response Shelby, et al. Standards Track [Page 13] RFC 7252 The Constrained Application Protocol (CoAP) June 2014 If a request is sent in a Non-confirmable message, then the response is sent using a new Non-confirmable message, although the server may instead send a Confirmable message. This type of exchange is illustrated in Figure 6. requestがNONで送信された場合、severはCONで応答してもよく、新たなNONで応答してもよい。Figure 6に示す。 Client Server | | | NON [0x7a11] | | GET /temperature | | (Token 0x74) | +----------------- | | | | NON [0x23bc] | | 2.05 Content | | (Token 0x74) | | 22.5 C | | -----------------+ | | Figure 6 A Request and a Response Carried in Non-confirmable Messages CoAP makes use of GET, PUT, POST, and DELETE methods in a similar manner to HTTP, with the semantics specified in Section 5.8. (Note that the detailed semantics of CoAP methods are almost, but not entirely unlike [HHGTTG] those of HTTP methods intuition taken from HTTP experience generally does apply well, but there are enough differences that make it worthwhile to actually read the present specification.) CoAPはHTTPと同様にGET, PUT, POST, DELETE methodが使用される。それらのsemanticsはSection 5.8で規定される。CoAP methodのsemanticsはHTTPとは異なる。 Methods beyond the basic four can be added to CoAP in separate specifications. New methods do not necessarily have to use requests and responses in pairs. Even for existing methods, a single request may yield multiple responses, e.g., for a multicast request (Section 8) or with the Observe option [OBSERVE]. 4つのmethod以外もCoAPに追加することができる。新しいmethodは必ずしもrequest/responseである必要はない。既存のmethodでは1つのrequestに対して複数のresponseがある（multicast request。Section 8参照）場合がある。 URI support in a server is simplified as the client already parses the URI and splits it into host, port, path, and query components, making use of default values for efficiency. Response Codes relate to a small subset of HTTP status codes with a few CoAP-specific codes added, as defined in Section 5.9. serverでサポートされるURIはclientがパースした後、簡略化される（★よくわからない）。Section 5.9 で定義されるResponse CodeはCoAP固有のcodeとHTTPのstatus codeのサブセットである。 Shelby, et al. Standards Track [Page 14] RFC 7252 The Constrained Application Protocol (CoAP) June 2014 2.3. Intermediaries and Caching 仲介、媒介とキャッシュ The protocol supports the caching of responses in order to efficiently fulfill requests. Simple caching is enabled using freshness and validity information carried with CoAP responses. A cache could be located in an endpoint or an intermediary. Caching functionality is specified in Section 5.6. プロトコルは効率的にrequestに対応するためresponseのキャッシュをサポートする。単純なキャッシュはCoAP responseにfreshnessとvalidityの情報を付与することで可能となる。キャッシュはendpointまたはintermediaryに配置することができる。キャッシュについてはSection 5.6で述べる。 Proxying is useful in constrained networks for several reasons, including to limit network traffic, to improve performance, to access resources of sleeping devices, and for security reasons. The proxying of requests on behalf of another CoAP endpoint is supported in the protocol. When using a proxy, the URI of the resource to request is included in the request, while the destination IP address is set to the address of the proxy. See Section 5.7 for more information on proxy functionality. Proxyはネットワークトラフィックの制限、パフォーマンスの向上、sleeping deviceのリソースへのアクセス、セキュリティーなどの理由で制約のあるネットワークには有効である。CoAP endpointの代わりにrequestするproxyはCoAPでサポートされる。proxyを使用する場合、宛先IPアドレスにproxyのアドレスが設定され、requestには要求するリソースのURIが含まれている。proxyについてはSection 5.7参照。 As CoAP was designed according to the REST architecture [REST], and thus exhibits functionality similar to that of the HTTP protocol, it is quite straightforward to map from CoAP to HTTP and from HTTP to CoAP. Such a mapping may be used to realize an HTTP REST interface using CoAP or to convert between HTTP and CoAP. This conversion can be carried out by a cross-protocol proxy ( cross-proxy ), which converts the Method or Response Code, media type, and options to the corresponding HTTP feature. Section 10 provides more detail about HTTP mapping. CoAPはRESTアーキテクチャに従って設計されており、HTTPと機能的にも類似しているため、CoAPからHTTP、HTTPからCoAPにmapすることは容易である。mappingはCoAPを使用してHTTP REST interfaceを実現するため、またはHTTP-CoAP間の変換をするために使用できる。この変換は、cross-protocol proxy( cross-proxy )により実現でき、Method/Response Code/media type/optionを対応するHTTP機能に変換する。Section 10ではHTTPとのmappingについて述べる。 2.4. Resource Discovery Resource discovery is important for machine-to-machine interactions and is supported using the CoRE Link Format [RFC6690] as discussed in Section 7. Resource discoveryはM2Mに必要であり、Section 7のCoRE Link Format [RFC6690]を使用して提供される。 3. Message Format CoAP is based on the exchange of compact messages that, by default, are transported over UDP (i.e., each CoAP message occupies the data section of one UDP datagram). CoAP may also be used over Datagram Transport Layer Security (DTLS) (see Section 9.1). It could also be used over other transports such as SMS, TCP, or SCTP, the specification of which is out of this document s scope. (UDP-lite [RFC3828] and UDP zero checksum [RFC6936] are not supported by CoAP.) CoAPはUDPで送信され、デフォルトでcompact message交換に基いている。CoAPはDTLSを使用してよい(Section 9.1参照)。その他の転送方法（SMS, TCP, SCTP）は本ドキュメントのスコープ外である。UDP-lite[RFC3828] UDP zero checksum [RFC6936] はCoAPでは未サポートである（ヘッダ、pktフォーマット等の問題？）。 CoAP messages are encoded in a simple binary format. The message format starts with a fixed-size 4-byte header. This is followed by a variable-length Token value, which can be between 0 and 8 bytes long. CoAPはbinary形式でエンコードされる。message formatは固定長の4byteのヘッダーで始まる。これに可変長（0～8byte）のToken値が続く。 Shelby, et al. Standards Track [Page 15] RFC 7252 The Constrained Application Protocol (CoAP) June 2014 Following the Token value comes a sequence of zero or more CoAP Options in Type-Length-Value (TLV) format, optionally followed by a payload that takes up the rest of the datagram. Token valueの後に0以上のType-Length-Value(TLV)のCoAP Optionが続き、 オプションでdatagramの残りの部分にpayloadが設定される。 0 1 2 3 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ |Ver| T | TKL | Code | Message ID | +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ | Token (if any, TKL bytes) ... +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ | Options (if any) ... +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ |1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1| Payload (if any) ... +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ Figure 7 Message Format The fields in the header are defined as follows headerのfieldは下記のように定義される。 Version (Ver) 2-bit unsigned integer. Indicates the CoAP version number. Implementations of this specification MUST set this field to 1 (01 binary). Other values are reserved for future versions. Messages with unknown version numbers MUST be silently ignored. 2bit 符号なし整数。CoAP version numberを示す。この仕様では1(01 binary)を設定すること。他の値は後のバージョンのためのreserve。未知のversion numberをmessageはsilnetly ignoreすること。 Type (T) 2-bit unsigned integer. Indicates if this message is of type Confirmable (0), Non-confirmable (1), Acknowledgement (2), or Reset (3). The semantics of these message types are defined in Section 4. 2bit 符号なし整数。message type Confirmable(0), Non-confrmable(1), Acknowledgement(2), Reset(3)を示す。message typeのsemanticsはSection 4で定義される。 Token Length (TKL) 4-bit unsigned integer. Indicates the length of the variable-length Token field (0-8 bytes). Lengths 9-15 are reserved, MUST NOT be sent, and MUST be processed as a message format error. 4bit 符号なし整数。可変長のToken field(0～8 byte)の長さを示す。長さ9～15はreserveで、送信しないこととし、message format errorとして処理すること。 Code 8-bit unsigned integer, split into a 3-bit class (most significant bits) and a 5-bit detail (least significant bits), documented as c.dd where c is a digit from 0 to 7 for the 3-bit subfield and dd are two digits from 00 to 31 for the 5-bit subfield. The class can indicate a request (0), a success response (2), a client error response (4), or a server error response (5). (All other class values are reserved.) As a special case, Code 0.00 indicates an Empty message. In case of a request, the Code field indicates the Request Method; in case of a response, a Response Code. Possible values are maintained in the CoAP Code Registries (Section 12.1). The semantics of requests and responses are defined in Section 5. 8bit符号なし整数。上位3bit classと下位5bit detailに分けられ、このドキュメントでは c.dd と表現する。 c は0～7までの3bitの値で、 dd は2桁で00～31の5bitの値である。classはrequest(0), success response(2), client error response(4), server error response(5)を示し、他の値はreserveである。Code 0.00はEmpty messageを示す。requestの場合、Code fieldはRequest Methodを示し、responseの場合はResponse Codeを示す。CoAP Code RegistriesはSection 12.1参照。request/responseのsemanticsはSection 5参照。 Shelby, et al. Standards Track [Page 16] RFC 7252 The Constrained Application Protocol (CoAP) June 2014 Message ID 16-bit unsigned integer in network byte order. Used to detect message duplication and to match messages of type Acknowledgement/Reset to messages of type Confirmable/Non- confirmable. The rules for generating a Message ID and matching messages are defined in Section 4. ネットワークバイトオーダー(ビッグエンディアン)の16bit符号なし整数。メッセージの重複検出とAcknowledgement/ResetとConfirmable/Non-confirmableのmessageを照合するために使用する。Message IDの生成方法と照合の方法はSection 4で定義される。 The header is followed by the Token value, which may be 0 to 8 bytes, as given by the Token Length field. The Token value is used to correlate requests and responses. The rules for generating a Token and correlating requests and responses are defined in Section 5.3.1. headerはその後、Token Length fieldによって示される0～8byteのToken valueが続く。Token valueはrequest/responseを関連付けるために使用される。Tokenの生成方法と、request/responseの関連付け方はSection 5.3.1参照。 Header and Token are followed by zero or more Options (Section 3.1). An Option can be followed by the end of the message, by another Option, or by the Payload Marker and the payload. Header、Tokenの後には0以上のOptionが続く（Section 3.1参照）。Optionはmessageの最後になるか、もしくは他のOptionかPayload Markerとpayloadが後に続く。（Payload Maker⇒0xFFのpayloadの開始marker） Following the header, token, and options, if any, comes the optional payload. If present and of non-zero length, it is prefixed by a fixed, one-byte Payload Marker (0xFF), which indicates the end of options and the start of the payload. The payload data extends from after the marker to the end of the UDP datagram, i.e., the Payload Length is calculated from the datagram size. The absence of the Payload Marker denotes a zero-length payload. The presence of a marker followed by a zero-length payload MUST be processed as a message format error. Header, token, optionに続いてオプションでpayloadが付与される。payloadが存在し、非0のlengthの場合、optionの終わりとpayloadの始まりを示す固定長の1byteのPayload Marker(0xFF)が付与される（Optionに0xFFがきた場合は？⇒optionが始まるところに0xFFがあるかどうかで判別可能。）。payload dataはmarkerの後からUDP dataの終わり、つまりPayload Lengthはdatagram sizeから計算される。Payload Markerが無い場合は、zero-length payloadであることを示している。markerの後がzero-length payloadの場合はmessage format errorとして処理すること。 Implementation Note The byte value 0xFF may also occur within an option length or value, so simple byte-wise scanning for 0xFF is not a viable technique for finding the payload marker. The byte 0xFF has the meaning of a payload marker only where the beginning of another option could occur. 0xFFでもoption lengthやoptionに含まれる場合があるため、単純に0xFFをバイト単位でスキャンするのは、payload markerを探す方法には使えない。0xFFがpayload markerとして意味を持つのは、別のoptionが始まる可能性のある場所にある場合のみである（Optionの開始位置に0xFFは使用できない）。 3.1. Option Format CoAP defines a number of options that can be included in a message. Each option instance in a message specifies the Option Number of the defined CoAP option, the length of the Option Value, and the Option Value itself. CoAPはmessageに含まれるoptionの数を定義する。message内のoptionのインスタンスは、CoAP optionのOption Number、Option Valueの長さ、Option Valueを規定する。 Instead of specifying the Option Number directly, the instances MUST appear in order of their Option Numbers and a delta encoding is used between them the Option Number for each instance is calculated as the sum of its delta and the Option Number of the preceding instance in the message. For the first instance in a message, a preceding option instance with Option Number zero is assumed. Multiple instances of the same option can be included by using a delta of zero. Option Numberを直接規定する代わりに、インスタンスはOption Numberの順に設定され、delta encodingがそれらの間で使われる。各インスタンスのOption Numberはdeltaとmessage内の先行のOption Numberの合計として計算される。 Shelby, et al. Standards Track [Page 17] RFC 7252 The Constrained Application Protocol (CoAP) June 2014 Option Numbers are maintained in the CoAP Option Numbers registry (Section 12.2). See Section 5.4 for the semantics of the options defined in this document. Option NumberはSection 12.2の CoAP Option Numbers registryで規定される。本ドキュメントで定義されたoptionのsemanticsはSection 5.4参照。 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 +---------------+---------------+ | | | | Option Delta | Option Length | 1 byte | | | +---------------+---------------+ \ \ / Option Delta / 0-2 bytes \ (extended) \ +-------------------------------+ \ \ / Option Length / 0-2 bytes \ (extended) \ +-------------------------------+ \ \ / / \ \ / Option Value / 0 or more bytes \ \ / / \ \ +-------------------------------+ Figure 8 Option Format The fields in an option are defined as follows option fieldは次のように定義される。 Option Delta 4-bit unsigned integer. A value between 0 and 12 indicates the Option Delta. Three values are reserved for special constructs 4bit 符号なし整数。Option Deltaを示す0～12の値。13～15はreserve。 13 An 8-bit unsigned integer follows the initial byte and indicates the Option Delta minus 13. 8bit 符号なし整数が続き、Option Delta -13を示す。（★イマイチ意味わからない） 14 A 16-bit unsigned integer in network byte order follows the initial byte and indicates the Option Delta minus 269. ネットワークバイトオーダー（ビッグエンディアン）の16bit 符号なし整数が続き、Option Delta -269を示す。（★イマイチ意味わからない） 15 Reserved for the Payload Marker. If the field is set to this value but the entire byte is not the payload marker, this MUST be processed as a message format error. Payload Markerのためのreserve。fieldがこの値に設定され、payload markerでない場合はmessage format errorとして処理すること。 Shelby, et al. Standards Track [Page 18] RFC 7252 The Constrained Application Protocol (CoAP) June 2014 The resulting Option Delta is used as the difference between the Option Number of this option and that of the previous option (or zero for the first option). In other words, the Option Number is calculated by simply summing the Option Delta values of this and all previous options before it. 結果、Option DeltaはそのoptionのOption Numberと前のoption（最初のoptionの場合は0）との差として使用される。言い換えると、Option NumberはそのOptionの前のすべてのOption Deltaを加算することで計算できる。 Option Length 4-bit unsigned integer. A value between 0 and 12 indicates the length of the Option Value, in bytes. Three values are reserved for special constructs 4bit 符号なし整数。Option Valueの長さを示す0～12の値。13～15はreserve。 13 An 8-bit unsigned integer precedes the Option Value and indicates the Option Length minus 13. 8bit 符号なし整数がOption Valueの前にあり、Option Length -13を示す。 14 A 16-bit unsigned integer in network byte order precedes the Option Value and indicates the Option Length minus 269. ネットワークバイトオーダー（ビッグエンディアン）の16bit 符号なし整数がOption Valueの前にあり、Option Length -269を示す。 15 Reserved for future use. If the field is set to this value, it MUST be processed as a message format error. 後のためのreserve。このfieldに15が設定された場合、message format errorとして処理する。 Value A sequence of exactly Option Length bytes. The length and format of the Option Value depend on the respective option, which MAY define variable-length values. See Section 3.2 for the formats used in this document; options defined in other documents MAY make use of other option value formats. Option Lengthのbyte sequence。Option Valueのlengthとformatは各オプションに依存する。本ドキュメントで使用するformatはSection 3.2参照。他のドキュメントで定義されたoptionは他のoption value formatを持つ。 3.2. Option Value Formats The options defined in this document make use of the following option value formats. 本ドキュメントで定義されたoptionは下記のoption value formatを使用する。 empty A zero-length sequence of bytes. zero-lengthのbyte列。 opaque An opaque sequence of bytes. 曖昧な長さのbyte列。 uint A non-negative integer that is represented in network byte order using the number of bytes given by the Option Length field. Option Lengthのbyte数長のネットワークバイトオーダーの非負の整数。 An option definition may specify a range of permissible numbers of bytes; if it has a choice, a sender SHOULD represent the integer with as few bytes as possible, i.e., without leading zero bytes. For example, the number 0 is represented with an empty option value (a zero-length sequence of bytes) and the number 1 by a single byte with the numerical value of 1 (bit combination 00000001 in most significant bit first notation). A recipient MUST be prepared to process values with leading zero bytes. Optionの定義はbyte数の範囲を規定する。選択可能な場合、senderは0byteを除く、できるだけ少ないbyteで表現する。例えば、0はempty option value(0byte)で、1は1byte(0000 0001)で表現される。recipientは0 byteを考慮して処理すること。(★いまいちわからない) Shelby, et al. Standards Track [Page 19] RFC 7252 The Constrained Application Protocol (CoAP) June 2014 Implementation Note The exceptional behavior permitted for the sender is intended for highly constrained, templated implementations (e.g., hardware implementations) that use fixed-size options in the templates. senderの動作は、hardwareのような制約がある場合を意図している。 string A Unicode string that is encoded using UTF-8 [RFC3629] in Net-Unicode form [RFC5198]. Net-Unicode[RFC5198]でUTF-8[RFC3629]を使用してエンコードしたUnicode文字。 Note that here, and in all other places where UTF-8★★ encoding is used in the CoAP protocol, the intention is that the encoded strings can be directly used and compared as opaque byte strings by CoAP protocol implementations. There is no expectation and no need to perform normalization within a CoAP implementation (except where Unicode strings that are not known to be normalized are imported from sources outside the CoAP protocol). Note also that ASCII strings (that do not make use of special control characters) are always valid UTF-8 Net-Unicode strings. 4. Message Transmission CoAP messages are exchanged asynchronously between CoAP endpoints. They are used to transport CoAP requests and responses, the semantics of which are defined in Section 5. CoAP messageはCoAP endpoint間で非同期に交換される。Section 5で定義されたsemanticsを持つCoAP request/responseが送信される。 As CoAP is bound to unreliable transports such as UDP, CoAP messages may arrive out of order, appear duplicated, or go missing without notice. For this reason, CoAP implements a lightweight reliability mechanism, without trying to re-create the full feature set of a transport like TCP. It has the following features CoAPはUDPのような信頼性の無いTransportにバインドされるため、CoAP messageは順不同だったり、重複したり、消失する場合がある。CoAPはTCPのようなTrasnportによる完全な再送メカニズム無しに、軽量の信頼性メカニズムを実装している。それには下記の機能がある。 o Simple stop-and-wait retransmission reliability with exponential back-off for Confirmable messages. Confirmable messageのためのexponential back-offを使用した単純なstop-and-wait再送。 o Duplicate detection for both Confirmable and Non-confirmable messages. Confirmable/Non-confirmable message両方での重複メッセージ検出。 4.1. Messages and Endpoints A CoAP endpoint is the source or destination of a CoAP message. The specific definition of an endpoint depends on the transport being used for CoAP. For the transports defined in this specification, the endpoint is identified depending on the security mode used (see Section 9) With no security, the endpoint is solely identified by an IP address and a UDP port number. With other security modes, the endpoint is identified as defined by the security mode. CoAP endpointはCoAP messageのsourceかdestinationである。endpointの定義はCoAPに仕様される転送方法に依存する。Security無しの場合、endpointはIP addressとUDP port番号で識別される。Security有りの場合、endpointはSecurity modeの定義に従って識別される。 Shelby, et al. Standards Track [Page 20] RFC 7252 The Constrained Application Protocol (CoAP) June 2014 There are different types of messages. The type of a message is specified by the Type field of the CoAP Header. 異なるタイプのmessageがある。message typeはCoAP HeaderのType fieldで規定される。 Separate from the message type, a message may carry a request, a response, or be Empty. This is signaled by the Request/Response Code field in the CoAP Header and is relevant to the request/response model. Possible values for the field are maintained in the CoAP Code Registries (Section 12.1). message typeとは別に、messageはrequest/response/Emptyを送ってよい。CoAP HeaderのRequest/Response Codeはrequest/response modelに関連する。filedの値はCoAP Code Registries(Section 12.1)で管理されている。 An Empty message has the Code field set to 0.00. The Token Length field MUST be set to 0 and bytes of data MUST NOT be present after the Message ID field. If there are any bytes, they MUST be processed as a message format error. Empty messageはCode filedが0.00に設定される。Token Length fieldは0であり、dataはMessage ID fieldの後には存在しないこと。